236 HARDY SHRUBS 



appearance early in the season, before the leaves appear, when covered 

 with its pure white flowers, which are usually an inch across. In the 

 Botanic Gardens at Wash'ngton there is a large plant with flowers two 

 inches in diameter. In laie Summer and Fall the branches are loaded 

 down with its golden fruit. In the grounds of the United States De- 

 partment of Agriculture several old plants in the fruiting stage attract 

 great attention from Northern visitors. Its propagation is effected by 

 seeds, of which there is a plentiful supply; sown in the Fall out-of-doors, 

 every seed will germinate after good weather sets in. During some 

 seasons this species bears two crops of flowers the first in Spring, the 

 second along about the month of August. The second crop of fruit fails 

 to ripen before cool weather. 



CLERODENDRON TRICHOTOMUM. A very handsome, free-flower- 

 ing Japanese species, thoroughly hardy in the Middle Atlantic States; 

 further North, although annually killed to the ground, it makes strong 

 growths, and on these it blooms freely. The flowers are white with a 

 dark red calyx. Propagation is accomplished by cutting up and 

 sprouting the roots. The plant seems to delight in rather dry soil. In 

 dry weather, when other shrubs suffer for want of water, this one is 

 always fresh and green; but probably this is caused by the roots going 

 deep into the soil. C. fcetidum is not so hardy as the above, but where 

 the crowns can be saved it will flower splendidly from herbaceous 

 stems. It is one of the best shrubs for the Southern States. It sends 

 up many shoots from underground stems. To increase it in quantity 

 the roots and underground stems should be dug up, cut in small pieces, 

 and started indoors early in Spring. 



CORNUS FLORIDA (Flowering Dogwood). In the Southern States this 

 Dogwood grows sometimes 30 to 40 feet high; further North it is a 

 shrub 10 to 15 feet high. The flowers are small, greenish-yellow ; the 

 bracts are very large and pure white. It blooms in early Spring before 

 the leaves are developed. In Autumn a well-fruited bush, with its red 

 foliage, is a most beautiful object. C. f. rubra is a rosy-pink flowered 

 variety of recent introduction, well worthy of cultivation; both it and 

 the type should be planted in well-drained situations. They are increased 

 by budding and grafting on seedlings. C. sanguinea has dark red 

 branches a very effective plant among other shrubs. C. candidissima 

 and C. mas are commonly grown, the former for its flowers, the latter 

 principally for its fruits. 



COTONEASTER MICROPHYLLA is a dense, low-growing, evergreen 

 shrub, with small leaves and bright red fruits that remain on the plants 

 the best part of Winter. It is propagated best by taking cuttings, 

 about 6 inches long, and rooting them indoors in August or September. 

 C. Simonsii is almost evergreen and perfectly hardy south of New York; 

 its bright red fruits is the main feature of the plant. 



CRAT^EQUS (Hawthorn). There are numerous American species cul- 

 tivated as shrubs, or dwarf trees, the best of which are C. coccinea, the 

 scarlet-fruited Thorn, and C. crus-galli, the Cockspur Thorn. Owing to 

 their bright red fruits, often remaining a long time after the leaves fall, 

 they are valuable decorative subjects. C. oxyacantha is the English 

 Hawthorn; the many kinds grown, and which are known as varieties of 



