272 HARDY SHRUBS. 



the under surfaces are much paler in color. Austrian Yellow has large 

 single yellow flowers. Harison's Yellow and Persian Yellow are semi- 

 double forms. Hugonis is a small, single, yellow-flowered rose, not 

 quite well enough known to obtain a reliable opinion of its merits. The 

 flowers are small, lighter in color than those of the Austrian briars. 

 Xanthina, also a yellow-flowered species, is attractive on account of 

 flowers, foliage and spines ; the latter are large and bright red. What 

 appears to be a double form of this species has recently been introduced. 

 It has the distinction of blooming a week or so in advance of any other 

 rose and is evidently very hardy. The Wichuraiana hybrids have come 

 into prominence of late years and deservedly so. The female parent, R. 

 Wichuraiana (R. Lucise) is a Japanese species, of a rambling habit, with 

 clusters of small white flowers, which open late. The leaves are small 

 and shiningo The plant lasts only a short time in bloom, but a well-es- 

 tablished subject bears thousands of flowers. This is the easiest of all 

 Roses to propagate. The new race of hybrids which have been raised 

 lately are, in some cases, several weeks ahead of R. Wichuraiana in 

 blooming ; they appear to be very hardy. The flowers of R. Wichurai- 

 ana are capable of being fertilized with pollen from a large number of 

 different varieties, and the resulting progeny varies greatly. Some have 

 large, single flowers exceeding in size any of the recent hybrid Sweet 

 Briars; others are small, very double, with petals arranged like the 

 florets of a Zinnia. Some again have the flowers so closely resembling 

 those of the variety Hermosa as to be mistaken for these, but the habit 

 of all the seedlings, so far as I have observed, partly suggests their par- 

 entage. W. A. Manda of South Orange, N. J., was the first to raise 

 hybrids from this species. Lord Penzance's Hybrid Briars also belong 

 to the Summer blooming class. R. rubiginosa, the Sweet Briar, is the 

 seed parent; this has been crossed with various other Roses, The 

 flowers of the hybrids are bright colored and showy, but the most at- 

 tractive feature is the sweet-scented foliage. 



During recent years the Summer blooming section has been enriched 

 by a Rose concerning which little is known beyond its being a Japanese 

 production. It was brought to Scotland early in the seventies by the 

 engineer of a vessel plying between Leith and Japan, and for nearly 20 

 years grew in the garden of a Mr. Jeuner, near Edinburgh. It was se- 

 cured by Turner, of Slough, and sent out in 1894. The name "En- 

 gineer," which it had borne up that time, was changed to Crimson 

 Rambler. It is a climber, of very vigorous growth, and very hardy. 

 The flowers are borne in large clusters. The color is bright crimson ; its 

 only fault lies in its liability to being attacked by mildew. As was to 

 be expected, the great popularity of this Rose suggested Pink, Yellow and 

 White Ramblers, but while the Roses which are thus described are good 

 in their way, we have yet to see pink, yellow and white forms of the 

 Crimson Rambler. The Rose-sent out recently as Philadelphia Rambler 

 Is an improved Crimson Rambler ; the, flowers have a richer color, and 

 the foliage is not so liable to be attacked by mildew. This Rose has be- 

 come a favorite sort for forcing into bloom at Easter, the plants for 

 which purpose are either grown in pots or in the open ground. Plants 

 grown by the latter method are much stronger than those in pots, but 



