8o EVOLUTION OF BRITISH CATTLE 



their progress farther westward is unusually 

 scanty. Indeed, were it not that the cattle them- 

 selves carried evidence of their origin wherever 

 they went, their westward march in England 

 might still remain not proven. But, early in the 

 eighteenth century, characters appear among the 

 cattle in some of the midland counties and in 

 the west and north-west which were previously 

 unknown in those parts of England, but were 

 well known in Holland and Flanders. These 

 are increase in size and the markings which are 

 still peculiar to the Herefords and the Long- 

 horns. These two breeds and the Shorthorns 

 were almost the only large cattle in Britain till 

 the nineteenth century was well through. 



Hale tells us that, in his day, 1757, the 

 graziers had already mixed the breeds " more or 

 less in each country," while Culley's remark that 

 "a very heavy strong" breed had been raised 

 "upon the mountains which separate Yorkshire 

 from Lancashire " by crossing the Yorkshire and 

 Lancashire cattle is in itself evidence that the 

 large West European cattle had reached Lanca- 

 shire long before Culley's time. Still better 

 evidence is to be found in some of the old 

 "Agricultural Surveys," in which the authors, not 

 knowing of the banishment of the older cattle, 

 speak of these great cattle that were Flemish or 

 Dutch in appearance, size, and markings as 

 "native," "indigenous," and so on. In Pitt's 



