EVOLUTION OF THE COLORS OF BIRDS. 65 



3. Parallelism. 



4. Adaptation. 



5. Geratology. 



6. Bilateral symmetry. 



7. Correlation of growth. 

 III. Laws of heredity. 



1. Uninterrupted or continuous transmission. 



2. Interrupted or latent transmission. 



3. Sexual transmission. 



4. Mutual or amphigonous transmission. 



Of the laws of development, growth force or bath- 

 mism, as Prof. Cope has termed it, is the most funda- 

 mental. Protoplasm is a great store house of energy 

 from, without. It, alone, is capable of converting into 

 its own substance foreign matter inorganic among 

 plants and organic among animals. By this conversion 

 of foreign substance into the body of the organism, 

 growth is induced, but this growth requires an expendi- 

 ture of energy. The Century Dictionary refers to the 

 following passage of Cope's for a definition of bath- 

 mism:* "It is here left open whether there be any 

 form of force which may be especially designated as 

 ' vital.' Many of the animal functions are known to 

 be physical and chemical, and if there be any one which 

 appears to be less explicable by reference to these forces 

 than others, it is that of nutrition. Probably in this 

 instance force has been so metamorphosed through the 

 influence of the originative or conscious force in evolu- 

 tion, that it is a distinct species in the category of forces. 

 Assuming it to be such, I have given it the name of 

 Bathmism." 



Bathmism, then, is the vital force inducing growth. 



Prof. Cope has stated as a fundamental law of bath- 



* Method of Creation, p. 26. 

 5 



