EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 347 



PLATE VII. 



Three races of Spinus psaltria, showing the change from a greenish 

 olive to a black plumage. Natural size. 



PLATE VIII. 



Three outer tail feathers of Pipilo, showing decrease in size of white 

 markings toward the west and northwest. 



PLATE IX. 



Geographical distribution of Sphyrapicus. A. 1, S. varius; 2, S. varius 

 nuckalis. B. 8. ruber. 



Geographical distribution of Pipilo. A. 1, Pipilo erythrophthalmus; 

 2, P. erythrophthalmus alleni. B. 1, P. maculatus; 2, P. maculatus arc- 

 ticus; 3, P. maculatus megalonyx; 4, P. maculatus oregonus. 



PLATE'X. 



Geographical distribution of the races of Megascops asio. 1, asio; 2, flor- 

 idanus; 3, maccallii; 4, trichopsis; 5, bendirei; 6, kennicottii; 7, maxwellice. 



Geographical distribution of Cyanocitta. A. 1, C. cristata; 2, C. cristata 

 Jlorincola. B. 1, C.stelleri; 2, C. stelleri frontalis; 3, C. stelleri annectens; 

 4, C. stelleri macrolopha; 5, C. stelleri diademata; 6, C. stelleri coronata. 



PLATE XI. 



Geographical distribution of the races of Dryobates villosus. A. 1, leu- 

 comelas; 2, villosus; 3, audubonii; 4, maynardi. B. 1, harrisii; 2, jardinii. 



Geographical distribution of the ladder-backed forms of Dryobates. 

 A. 1, D. scalaris; 2, D. scalaris parvus: 3, D. scalaris bairdi; 4, D. scalaris 

 lucasanus; 5, D. scalaris sinaloensis; 6, D. scalaris graysoni. B. D. nut- 

 tallii. G.D. borealis. 



PLATE XII. 



Geographical distribution of Bubo. A. 1, B. virginianus; 2, B. virgini- 

 anus saturatus; 3, B. virginianus arcticus; 4, B. virginianus subarcticus. 

 B. B. mexicanus. 



Geographical distribution of Chordeiles. A. 1, C. virginianus; 2, C. vir- 

 ginianus minor; 3, C. virginianus henryi. B. C. texensis. 



PLATE XIII. 



Map of North America, showing the influence of climate upon the color 

 of Melospizafasciata. The breeding range of each race is indicated, the 

 territory occupied by each variety being colored as nearly as possible in 

 harmony with the markings of the back. 



