The Evolution of the Sciences 



problem was too complex to be solved by the 

 efforts of any one man, but to-day we have a plan 

 of action and know what to look for, and the 

 entire battery of physics is trained against these 

 struggles of atoms and molecules. A new 

 science is thus developing, with its laws and its 

 technique, and it has already grown sufficiently 

 to give birth to another science, electro-chemistry, 

 which has already made itself heard. Physical 

 chemistry has developed chiefly outside of France, 

 but principally in Germany, where it has labora- 

 tories, special journals and a whole generation 

 of specialists devoted to its progress. In France 

 official science has only been able to provide two 

 laboratories, one at the Sorbonne and the other 

 at the University of Nancy little enough for 

 the country of Berthelot and Deville. We must 

 resign ourselves to see physical chemistry be- 

 coming a German science. 



Physiology, the most living of the natural 

 sciences, has proved its vitality by giving birth 

 to several new sciences. The most important 

 and generally known is bacteriology, associated 

 for all time with the name of Pasteur. Enough 

 has already been said on the subject of this new 



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