OF THE MAN-LIKE APES 203 



logers and travellers ; and I should hardly have dwelt so 

 long upon it except for the curious part played by this 

 word ' Pongo ' in the later history of the man-like 

 Apes. 



The generation which succeeded Battell saw the first of 

 the man-like Apes which was ever brought to Europe, or, 

 at any rate, whose visit found a historian. In the third 

 book of Tulpius' Observations Medicse, published in 1641, 

 the 56th chapter or section is devoted to what he calls 

 Satyrus indicus, " called by the Indians Orang-autang, or 

 Man-of-the- Woods, and by the Africans Quoias Morrou." 

 He gives a very good figure, evidently from the life, of 

 the specimen of this animal, " nostra memoria ex Angola 

 delatum," presented to Frederick Henry Prince of Orange. 

 Tulpius says it was as big as a child of three years old, 

 and as stout as one of six years : and that its back was 

 covered with black hair. It is plainly a young Chimpanzee. 



In the meanwhile, the existence of other, Asiatic, man- 

 like Apes became known, but at first in a very mythical 

 fashion. Thus Bontius (1658) gives an altogether fabulous 

 and ridiculous account and figure of an animal which he 

 calls " Orang-outang " ; and though he says, " vidi Ego 

 cujus effigiem hie exhibeo," the said effigies (see Fig. 6 

 for Hoppius' copy of it) is nothing but a very hairy woman 

 of rather comely aspect, and with proportions and feet 

 wholly human. The judicious English anatomist, Tyson, 

 was justified in saying of this description by Bontius, 

 " I confess I do mistrust the whole representation." 



It is to the last mentioned writer, and his coadjutor 

 Cowper, that we owe the first account of a man-like ape 

 which has any pretensions to scientific accuracy and com- 

 pleteness. The treatise entitled, " Orang-outang, sive 

 Homo Sylvestris ; or the Anatomy of a Pygmie compared 

 with that of a Monkey, an Ape, and a Man," published by 

 the Royal Society in 1699, is, indeed, a work of remark- 

 able merit, and has, in some respects, served as a model 

 to subsequent inquirers. This " Pygmie," Tyson tells us, 

 " was brought from Angola, in Africa ; but was first taken 

 a great deal higher up the country " ; its hair " was of a 

 coal-black colour, and strait," and " when it went as a 

 quadruped on all four, 'twas awkwardly ; not placing the 

 palm of the hand flat to the ground, but it walk'd upon 

 its knuckles, as I observed it to do when weak and had 

 not strength enough to support its body."" From the 



