OF THE MAN-LIKE APES 205 



Pygmie and Man, Tyson by no means overlooked the 

 differences between the two, and he concludes his memoir 

 by summing up first, the points in which " the Ourang- 

 outang or Pygmie more resembled a Man than Apes and 

 Monkeys do," under forty-seven distinct heads ; and then 

 giving, in thirty-four similar brief paragraphs, the respects 

 in which " the Ourang-outang or Pygmie differ'd from a 

 Man and resembled more the Ape and Monkey kind." 



After a careful survey of the literature of the subject 

 extant in his time, our author arrives at the conclusion 

 that his " Pygmie " is identical neither with the Orangs of 

 Tulpius and Bontius, nor with the Quoias Morrou of 

 Dapper (or rather of Tulpius), the Barris of d'Arcos, nor 

 with the Pongo of Battell ; but that it is a species of ape 

 probably identical with the Pygmies of the Ancients, and, 

 says Tyson, though it " does so much resemble a Man in 

 many of its parts, more than any of the ape kind, or any 

 other animal in the world, that I know of: yet by no 

 means do I look upon it as the product of a mixt genera- 

 tion 'tis a Brute-Animal sui generis, and a particular 

 species of Ape." 



The name of " Chimpanzee/' by which one of the African 

 Apes is now so well known, appears to have come into 

 use in the first half of the eighteenth century, but the 

 only important addition made, in that period, to our 

 acquaintance with the man-like apes of Africa is con- 

 tained in A New Voyage to Guinea, by William Smith, 

 which bears the date 1744. 



In describing the animals of Sierra Leone, p. 51, this 

 writer says : 



" I shall next describe a strange sort of animal, called 

 by the white men in this country Mandrill,* but why it is 

 so called I know not, nor did I ever hear the name before, 

 neither can those who call them so tell, except it be for 



""Mandrill" seems to signify a "man-like ape," the word 

 " Drill " or " Dril " having been anciently employed in England to 

 denote an Ape or Baboon. Thus in the fifth edition of Blount's 

 " Glossographia, or a Dictionary interpreting the hard words of 

 whatsoever language now used in our refined English tongue . . . 

 very useful for all such as desire to understand what they read," 

 published in 1681, I find, " Dril a stone-cutter's tool wherewith 

 he bores little holes in marble, etc. Also a large overgrown Ape 

 and Baboon, so called." " Drill " is used in the same sense in 

 Charleton's " Onomasticon Zoicon," 1668. The singular etymology 

 of the word given by Buffon seems hardly a probable one. 



