216 ON THE NATURAL HISTORY 



is at once identified, by its smaller size, as the " lesser 

 monster/' and is excluded from any possibility of being 

 the ' Pongo,' by the fact that it is black and not dun, to 

 say nothing of the important circumstance already men- 

 tioned that it still retains the name of ' Engeko,' or ' Enche- 

 eko,' by which Battell knew it. 



In seeking for a specific name for the ' Enge-ena,' how- 

 ever, Dr. Savage wisely avoided the much misused 

 ' Pongo ' ; but finding in the ancient Periplus of Hanno 

 the word " Gorilla " applied to certain hairy savage people, 

 discovered by the Carthaginian voyager in an island on the 

 African coast, he attached the specific name " Gorilla " to 

 his new ape, whence arises its present well-known appella- 

 tion. But Dr. Savage, more cautious than some of his 

 successors, by no means identifies his ape with Hanno's 

 ' wild men.' He merely says that the latter were " prob- 

 ably one of the species of the Orang ; " and I quite agree 

 with M. Brull6 that there is no ground for identifying the 

 modern ' Gorilla ' with that of the Carthaginian admiral. 



Since the memoir of Savage and Wyman was published, 

 the skeleton of the Gorilla has been investigated by Pro- 

 fessor Owen and by the late Professor Duvernoy, of the 

 Jardin des Plantes, the latter having further supplied a 

 valuable account of the muscular system and of many of 

 the other soft parts ; while African missionaries and 

 travellers have confirmed and expanded the account 

 originally given of the habits of this great man-like Ape, 

 which has had the singular fortune of being the first to 

 be made known to the general world and the last to be 

 scientifically investigated. 



Two centuries and a half have passed away since Battell 

 told his stories about the ' greater ' and the ' lesser monsters ' 

 to Purchas, and it has taken nearly that time to arrive at 

 the clear result that there are four distinct kinds of Anthro- 

 poids in Eastern Asia, the Gibbons and the Orangs ; in 

 Western Africa, the Chimpanzees and the Gorilla. 



The man-like Apes, the history of whose discovery has 

 just been detailed, have certain characters of structure 

 and of distribution in common. Thus they all have the 

 same number of teeth as man possessing four incisors, 

 two canines, four false molars, and six true molars in each 

 jaw, or 32 teeth in all, in the adult condition ; while the 

 milk dentition consists of 20 teeth or four incisors, two 



