OF THE MAN-LIKE APES 217 



canines, and four molars in each jaw. They are what are 

 called catarrhine Apes that is, their nostrils have a 

 narrow partition and look downwards ; and, furthermore, 

 their arms are always longer than their legs, the difference 

 being sometimes greater and sometimes less ; so that if 

 the four were arranged in the order of the length of their 

 arms in proportion to that of their legs, we should have 

 this series Orang (If 1), Gibbon (1J 1), Gorilla (If 1), 

 Chimpanzee (1 T \ 1). In all, the fore limbs are terminated 

 by hands, provided with longer or shorter thumbs ; while 

 the great toe of the foot, always smaller than in Man, is far 

 more moveable than in him and can be opposed, like a 

 thumb, to the rest of the foot. None of these apes have tails, 

 and none of them possess the cheek pouches common among 

 monkeys. Finally, they are all inhabitants of the old 

 world. 



The Gibbons are the smallest, slenderest, and longest- 

 limbed of the man-like apes ; their arms are longer in 

 proportion to their bodies than those of any of the other 

 man-like Apes, so that they can touch the ground when 

 erect ; their hands are longer than their feet, and they are 

 the only Anthropoids which possess callosities like the 

 lower monkeys. They are variously coloured. The Orangs 

 have arms which reach to the ankles in the erect position 

 of the animal ; their thumbs and great toes are very short, 

 and their feet are longer than their hands. They are covered 

 with reddish-brown hair, and the sides of the face, in adult 

 males, are commonly produced into two crescentic, flexible 

 excrescences, like fatty tumours. The Chimpanzees have 

 arms which reach below the knees ; they have large thumbs 

 and great toes, their hands are longer than their feet, and 

 their hair is black, while the skin of the face is pale. The 

 Gorilla, lastly, has arms which reach to the middle of the leg, 

 large thumbs and great toes, feet longer than the hands, 

 a black face, and dark-grey or dun hair. 



For the purpose which I have at present in view, it is 

 unnecessary that I should enter into any further minutiae 

 respecting the distinctive characters of the genera and 

 species into which these man-like Apes are divided by 

 naturalists. Suffice it to say, that the Orangs and the 

 Gibbons constitute the distinct genera, Simia and Hylo- 

 bates ; while the Chimpanzees and Gorillas are by some 

 regarded simply as distinct species of one genus, Troglo- 

 dytes ; by others as distinct genera Troglodytes being 



