TO THE LOWER ANIMALS 263 



Men differ more widely from one another than they do 

 from the Apes ; while the lowest Apes differ as much, in 

 proportion, from the highest, as the latter does from Man. 

 The last proposition is still better illustrated by the study 

 of the modifications which other parts of the cranium 

 undergo in the Simian series. 



It is the large proportional size of the facial bones and 

 the great projection of the jaws which confers upon the 

 Gorilla's skull its small facial angle and brutal character. 



But if we consider the proportional size of the facial 

 bones to the skull proper only, the little Chrysothrix (Fig. 16) 

 differs very widely from the Gorilla, and in the same way 

 as Man does ; while the Baboons (Cynocephalus, Fig. 16) 

 exaggerate the gross proportions of the muzzle of the great 

 Anthropoid, so that its visage looks mild and human by 

 comparison with theirs. The difference between the Gorilla 

 and the Baboon is even greater than it appears at first sight ; 

 for the great facial mass of the former is largely due to a 

 downward development of the jaws ; an essentially human 

 character, superadded upon that almost purely forward, 

 essentially brutal, development of the same parts which 

 characterizes the Baboon, and yet more remarkably dis- 

 tinguishes the Lemur. 



Similarly, the occipital foramen of Mycetes (Fig. 16), and 

 still more of the Lemurs, is situated completely in the 

 posterior face of the skull, or as much further back than 

 that of the Gorilla, as that of the Gorilla is further back than 

 that of Man ; while, as if to render patent the futility of 

 the attempt to base any broad classificatory distinction on 

 such a character, the same group of Platyrhine, or American 

 monkeys, to which the Mycetes belongs, contains the 

 Chrysothrix, whose occipital foramen is situated far more 

 forward than in any other ape, and nearly approaches the 

 position it holds in Man. 



Again, the Orang's skull is as devoid of excessively 

 developed supraciliary prominences as a Man's, though some 

 varieties exhibit great crests elsewhere (see pp. 231, 232) ; 

 and in some of the Cebine apes and in the Chrysothrix, the 

 cranium is as smooth and rounded as that of Man himself. 



What is true of these leading characteristics of the skull, 

 holds good, as may be imagined, of all minor features ; so 

 that for every constant difference between the Gorilla's skull 

 and the Man's, a similar constant difference of the same 

 order (that is to say, consisting in excess or defect of the 



