TO THE LOWER ANIMALS 295 



brain of a Chimpanzee (1. c. p. 19) is a reduced copy of the second 

 figure of Messrs. Schroeder van der Kolk and Vrolik's first 

 Plate. 



" As M. Gratiolet (1. c. p. 18), however, is careful to remark, 

 ' unfortunately the brain which they have taken as a model was 

 greatly altered (profondement affaissd), whence the general form 

 of the brain is given in these plates in a manner which is altogether 

 incorrect/ Indeed, it is perfectly obvious, from a comparison 

 of a section of the skull of the Chimpanzee with these figures, that 

 such is the case ; and it is greatly to be regretted that so inadequate 

 a figure^should have been taken as a typical representation of the 

 Chimpanzee's brain." 



From this time forth, the untenability of his position might 

 have been as apparent to Professor Owen as it was to every one 

 else ; but, so far from retracing the grave errors into which he 

 had fallen, Professor Owen has persisted in and reiterated them ; 

 first, in a lecture delivered before the Royal Institution on the 19th 

 of March, 1861, which is admitted to have been accurately reproduced 

 in the Athenseum for the 23rd of the same month, in a letter 

 addressed by Professor Owen to that journal on the 30th of March. 

 The Athenaeum report was accompanied by a diagram purporting 

 to represent a Gorilla's brain, but in reality so extraordinary a 

 misrepresentation, that Professor Owen substantially, though not 

 explicitly, withdraws it in the letter in question. In amending this 

 error, however, Professor Owen fell into another of much graver 

 import, as his communication concludes with the following para- 

 graph : " For the true proportion in which the cerebrum covers 

 the cerebellum in the highest Apes, reference should be made to 

 the figure of the undissected brain of the Chimpanzee in my Reade's 

 Lecture on the Classification, etc., of the Mammalia, p. 25, fig. 7, 

 8vo, 1859." 



It would not be credible, if it were not unfortunately true, that 

 this figure, to which the trusting public is referred, without a word 

 of qualification, " for the true proportion in which the cerebrum 

 covers the cerebellum in the highest Apes," is exactly that unacknow- 

 ledged copy of Schroeder van der Kolk and Vrolik's figure whose 

 utter inaccuracy had been pointed out years before by Gratiolet, 

 and had been brought to Professor Owen's knowledge by myself 

 in the passage of my article in the Natural History Review above 

 quoted. 



I drew public attention to this circumstance again in my reply 

 to Professor Owen, published in the Athenaeum for April 13th, 

 1861 ; but the exploded figure was reproduced once more by 

 Professor Owen, without the slightest allusion to its inaccuracy, in 

 the Annals of Natural History for June 1861 I 



This proved too much for the patience of the original authors 

 of the figure, Messrs. Schroeder van der Kolk and Vrolik, who, 

 in a note addressed to the Academy of Amsterdam, of which they 

 wire members, declared themselves to be, though decided opponent* 



