ON SOME FOSSIL REMAINS OF MAN 315 



side by side with its outline, that of the skull of a Chim- 

 panzee, drawn to the same absolute size. 



Some time after the publication of the translation of 

 Professor Schaaffhausen's Memoir, I was led to study the 

 cast of the Neanderthal cranium with more attention than 

 I had previously bestowed upon it, in consequence of 

 wishing to supply Sir Charles Lyell with a diagram, ex- 

 hibiting the special peculiarities of this skull, as compared 

 with other human skulls. In order to do this it was 

 necessary to identify, with precision, those points in 

 the skulls compared which corresponded anatomically. 

 Of these points, the glabella was obvious enough ; but 

 when I had distinguished another, defined by the occipital 

 protuberance and superior semicircular line, and had 

 placed the outline of the Neanderthal skull against that of 

 the Engis skull, in such a position that the glabella and 

 occipital protuberance of both were intersected by the 

 same straight line, the difference was so vast and the 

 flattening of the Neanderthal skull so prodigious (compare 

 Figs. 22 and 24, A.), that I at first imagined I must have 

 fallen into some error. And I was the more inclined to 

 suspect this, as, in ordinary human skulls, the occipital 

 protuberance and superior semicircular curved line on the 

 exterior of the occiput correspond pretty closely with the 

 ' lateral sinuses ' and the line of attachment of the ten- 

 torium internally. But on the tentorium rests, as I have 

 said in the preceding Essay, the posterior lobe of the 

 brain ; and hence, the occipital protuberance, and the 

 curved line in question, indicate, approximately, the lower 

 limits of that lobe. Was it possible for a human being 

 to have the brain thus flattened and depressed ; or, on 

 the other hand, had the muscular ridges shifted their 

 position ? In order to solve these doubts, and to decide 

 the question whether the great supraciliary projections 

 did, or did not, arise from the development of the frontal 

 sinuses, I requested Sir Charles Lyell to be so good as to 

 obtain for me from Dr. Fuhlrott, the possessor of the 

 skull, answers to certain queries, and if possible a cast, or 

 at any rate drawings, or photographs, of the interior of 

 the skull. 



Dr. Fuhlrott replied with a courtesy and readiness for 

 which I am infinitely indebted to him, to my inquiries, 

 and furthermore sent three excellent photographs. One 



