ON SOME FOSSIL REMAINS OF MAN 327 



though this point is not so clear. But it is singular to 

 remark that, in another respect, the prognathous skulls 

 are less ape-like than the orthognathous, the cerebral 

 cavity projecting decidedly more beyond the anterior end 

 of the axis in the prognathous, than in the orthognathous, 

 skulls. 



It will be observed that these diagrams reveal an 

 immense range of variation in the capacity and relative 

 proportion to the cranial axis, of the different regions of 

 the cavity which contains the brain, in the different skulls. 

 Nor is the difference in the extent to which the cerebral 

 overlaps the cerebellar cavity less singular. A round 

 skull (Fig. 29, Const.) may have a greater posterior cere- 

 bral projection than a long one (Fig. 29, Negro). 



Until human crania have been largely worked out in a 

 manner similar to that here suggested until it shall be 

 an opprobrium to an ethnological collection to possess a 

 single skull which is not bisected longitudinally until 

 the angles and measurements here mentioned, together 

 with a number of others of which I cannot speak in this 

 place, are determined, and tabulated with reference to 

 the basicranial axis as unity, for large numbers of skulls 

 of tbe different races of Mankind, I do not think we shall 

 have any very safe basis for that ethnological craniology 

 which aspires to give the anatomical characters of the 

 crania of the different Races of Mankind. 



At present, I believe that the general outlines of what 

 may be safely said upon that subject may be summed up 

 in a very few words. Draw a line on a globe from the 

 Gold Coast in Western Africa to the steppes of Tartary. 

 At the southern and western end of that line there live 

 the most dolichocephalic, prognathous, curly-haired, dark- 

 skinned of men the true Negroes. At the northern and 

 eastern end of the same line there live the most brachy- 

 cephalic, orthognathous, straight-haired, yellow-skinned of 

 men the Tartars and Calmucks. The two ends of this 

 imaginary line are indeed, so to speak, ethnological anti- 

 podes. A line drawn at right angles, or nearly so, to 

 this polar line through Europe and Southern Asia to 

 Hindostan, would give us a sort of equator, around which 

 round-headed, oval-headed, and oblong-headed, progna- 

 thous and orthognathous, fair and dark races but none 

 possessing the excessively marked characters of Calmuck 

 or Negro group themselves. 



