124 FERGUSON'S LECTURES. 



LECT. that spouts from the pipe g, both cups will be filled at 



same time by their respective pipes. 

 The horizontal distance, to which a fluid will spout 

 distance from a horizontal pipe, in any part of the side of an 

 water will upright vessel below the surface of the fluid, is equal to 

 spont from tw j ce tne length of a perpendicular to the side of the 

 vessel, drawn from the mouth of the pipe to a semicir- 

 cle described upon the altitude of the fluid : and there- 

 fore the fluid will spout to the greatest distance possi- 

 ble from a pipe, whose mouth is at the center of the 

 semicircle ; because a perpendicular to its diameter 

 (supposed parallel to the side of the vessel) drawn from 

 that point, is the longest that can be possibly drawn 

 from any part, of the diameter to the circumference of the 

 semicircle. Thus, if the vessel A B be full of water, 

 the horizontal pipe D being in the middle of its side, and 

 the semicircle JV d c b be described upon D as a center, 

 with the radius or semidiameter D g N, or Df b, the 

 perpendicular D d to the diameter N D b is the longest 

 that can be drawn from any part of the diameter to the 

 circumference N d c b. And if the vessel be kept full, 

 the jet G will spout from the pipe D, to the horizontal 

 distance N M, which is double the length of the per- 

 pendicular D d. If two other pipes, as C and .E, be 

 fixed into the side of the vessel at equal distances above 

 and below the pipe D, the perpendiculars C c, and E e, 

 from these pipes to the semicircle, will be equal ; and 

 the jets F and H spouting from them will each go to 

 the horizontal distance N K; which is double the length 

 of either of the equal perpendiculars C c or D d. 

 How wa- 'Fluids by their pressure may be conveyed over hills 

 termay an( j valleys in bended pipes, to any height not greater 

 veyed than the level of the springs from whence they 

 amlval- 18 ^ ow> ^ u * wnen they are designed to be raised higher 

 leys. than the springs, forcing engines must be used ; 

 which shall be described when we come to treat of 

 pumps. 



