40 WILLIAM T. M. FORBES 



each other; hooks on prolegs biordinal, in an elliptical band; one or 

 more additional setfc on prolegs. Pupae hardly known. Egg of flat 

 type. Moth with a slight chitinization subventrally on first segment 

 of abdomen, representing tympanum; fore wing typically with R 5 and 

 M, approximate or stalked, in Lacosomidae with R 4 and R 5 stalked and 

 widely separated from R, ; Cu apparently three-branched (trifid). 

 Hind wing with Sc and R sharply diverging from close to base of 

 wing. 



Family 36. Epiplemidae. Larva living practically exposed; with circle of hooks 

 on pro legs broadly interrupted; moth with Rj stalked with MI, free from. R,; 

 moth resting with hind wings rolled about body. Frenulum normal in our 

 species. 



Family 37. Lacosomidae. Larva with hooks of prolegs in a complete ellipse; 

 living in a case, open at both ends; thin-skinned, with chitinized thorax and pos- 

 terior callosity. Moth with R, and R 5 widely separated from R 3 ; frenulum rudi- 

 mentary in our species; resting position normal. (Position of family doubtful.) 



Superfamily Saturnioidea. Larva always with fine, usually rudi- 

 mentary secondary hair; primaries on warts or spines which also 

 bear secondary setae ; iv and v united, i of eighth segment of abdomen 

 usually united in middle line; prolegs with a straight band of bior- 

 dinal hooks. Egg of flat type. Moth without tympanum, the meta- 

 thorax not modified; tongue rudimentary in our species; fore wing 

 always with trifid venation ; M 2 closely associated with radial stem, one 

 radial always lost (R 5 ?), R 2 -R 4 stalked and much crowded; hind wing 

 as in the family Lacosomidae; frenulum lost. 



Family 38. Citheroniidae. First-stage larva usually with primary hair; ninth 

 segment with a mid -dorsal spine, anal plate tuberculate or spined; body spines 

 more or less horn-like, never with long spinules, and strongly unequal in our 

 species. Pupa formed in the ground, active, hard and rough, with flanged seg- 

 ments. Cremaster bifurcate, without hooks. Moth with male antennae doubly 

 bipectinate halfway to apex; fore wing with Mj more or less stalked with RjR, 

 parallel to M 2 ; hind wing with two anals. 



Family 39. Saturniidae. Larva with dense bristly spines in earlier stages, never 

 with primitive first stage; warts i of eighth segment of abdomen fused into a 

 caudal horn in all our species, ii rarely fused, ii of ninth segment fused only in 

 the Hemileucinse, which have subequal bristly spines and a smooth anal plate. 

 Pupa almost always in a cocoon, not spinulose; cremaster simple or represented 

 by spines only; abdominal segments often without flanges, and telescoping when 

 dried. Moth with antennae plumose to apex in male, in all our species, MI, in our 

 species, free from R, typically clogely associated with M 2 ; 3d A usually rudi- 

 mentary. 



Superfamily Bombycoidea. Larva always with much secondary 

 hair, even on head; with warts, often obscured after first stage; with 

 an additional subdorsal wart ; legs as in the Saturnioidea ; larva often 

 tending to be flattened. Egg of flat type. Pupa normally with 

 secondary hair, with visible labial palpi. Moth various, without 



