LEPIDOPTERA OF NEW YORK AND NEIGHBORING STATES 43 



in last stage, with the subdorsal warts of mesothorax and metathorax longitud- 

 inally placed. 



Family 52. Nolidae. Ocelli lost; tongue present, weak; fore wings tufted; 

 hind wings with Sc and R fused more than half of length of cell ; hood above 

 spiracle. Larva with only 14 legs, with tufted hair; wart iv obsolete. 



Family 53. Euchromiidae. Ocelli present; tongue strong; palpi strong; hind 

 wings with free part of Sc lost, the first developed vein being R. Hood very 

 large, the abdomen constricted behind it in many exotic species. Diurnal. Larva 

 with tufted hair, with only a single subdorsal wart on mesothorax and 

 metathorax. 



Suborder Rhopalocera. Butterflies with hind wing much shorter 

 and broader than fore wing; with only a single free radial; fore wing 

 with cubitus straight to base, sometimes with a rudiment of 1st A 

 arising from it near base ; the rest of 1st A lost. R 4+5 of pupa given 

 off from radial stem before the origin of R 1? obsolete in imago but 

 often with a trace showing as a short spur or a fold. No jugum or 

 frenulum; humeral angle of hind wing enlarged, usually with a 

 humeral vein. Antennae more or less obviously clubbed, with the 

 scaleless sensory area often covering the whole club, and rarely 

 extending on the shaft (Feniseca). Tongue and labial palpi always 

 strong; ocelli and maxillary palpi always absent. Egg upright, larva 

 with tubercles iv and v well separated and both low in first stage, 

 usually obscured in later stages; prolegs typically with triordinal 

 hooks. Our butterflies are all diurnal, and all except Thanaos sleep 

 with the wings raised over the body or outspread. 



Superfamily Hesperioidea. (Skippers). Head very broad; front 

 twice as wide as high ; antenna? widely separated at base (two to four 

 times their own width), usually with a strong but slender tuft of 

 lashes in front of eye ; fore legs with epiphysis, hind tibise usually with 

 all spurs; fore wing with all veins present and arising separately from 

 cell; hind wing with humeral vein usually running across from tip of 

 basal thickening (costa) to bend in Sc. Larva with prothorax much 

 smaller (in our species) than head or following segment; head cap- 

 sule closed ventrally behind base of mouth parts by a small sclerite 

 (gula) ; prolegs with a complete circle of hooks. Larva always a 

 concealed feeder. Pupa rounded, suspended by a Y-shaped girth 

 in a more or less perfect cocoon; with maxillae extending out at base 

 to reach eyes. 



Family 54. Hesperiidae. Frenulum and frenulum-hook absent. 



Superfamily Papilionoidea. (True butterflies). Head narrower, the 



'antennae separated at their base by about their width or less; front 



less than twice as wide as high; eyes not lashed; fore legs without 



epiphysis (except in the Papilionidse), hind legs with end-spurs only; 



