LEPIDOPTERA OF NEW YORK AND NEIGHBORING STATES 13 



The so-called species of Haploa, except clymene, should perhaps be 

 put in this category. 



In the west we have also the white and yellow males of Estigmene 

 acrcea, and the yellow and black forms of Papilio polyxenes. There are 

 many cases of dimorphic or polymorphic larvae, where the moth varies 

 but little; the following are conspicuous cases, the alternative color 

 being usually green and brown or black. 



Dimorphic or polymorphic larva 

 Papilio polyxenes (light or dark). 

 Vanessa cardui (white to black). 

 DeilephUa lineata (green, checkered, or black). 

 Lapara harrisii (green and white, or brown). 

 Sphecodina dbbotii (green spots on brown, or checkered). 

 Herse cingulata (green or brown). 

 Sphinx chersis (green or pink). 

 Several other Sphingidae (green or brown). 

 Tropcza luna (green or reddish head). 

 Eacles imperialis (green, tawny and black, or black). 

 Citheronia regalis (green, blue, brown, or rose). 

 Acronycta (many species). 



Noctua c-nigrum (brown; in summer often green). 

 Leucania unipuncta (brown or black'). 



Cosymbia lumenaria (green and striped, or brown and checkered). 

 Lygris diversilineata, and many other geometers (green or brown). 

 Cucullia asteroides (green, or yellow and white). 



Moths of high variability 



Telea polyphemus (tawny, yellow, brown, or olive). 

 Automeris io (female). 

 Feralia jocosa (green, cream, or brown). 

 Brotolomia iris (amount of green and purple). 

 Lithacodia muscosula (green or gray). 

 Metrocampa prcegrandaria (green or gray, both fading to yellow). 



The instability of green and purple pigments is notable. Most species 

 with these colors fade rapidly while still alive, sometimes even before 

 emergence from the pupa. 



RELATIONSHIPS 



It is impossible to represent the true relationships of the Lepidoptera 

 in a linear arrangement. In general, the main branches of the order 

 have been placed according to their degree of specialization as a whole ; 

 but where development has been in such varied directions this is a 



