LEPIDOPTERA OF NEW YORK AND NEIGHBORING STATES 



335 



st PERFAMILY YPONOMEUTOIDEA 



Head smooth, or nearly so, with a more or less distinct tuft on the 

 vertex in Argyresthia, Zelleria, and Acrolepia, but with shorter vesti- 

 ture than in any of the true Tineida?. Eyes moderate or small; ocelli 

 usually present and often conspicuous ; antennae with pecten in some 

 cases, without eye-cap, the scape of moderate size, as a rule ; shaft 

 with tAvo roAvs of scales to each segment, the more basal ahvays and the 

 other sometimes interrupted A'entrally, varying from the condition of the 

 loAver Tineids to that of the Macrolepidoptera. Palpi normally upturned 

 (minute and drooping only in Heliodines) with third joint nearly as 

 long as second, smooth scaled, long and conical or fusiform, neA r er 

 drooping; second joint smooth-scaled or Avith A'arious ventral tuftings, 

 but never Avith the roughly triangular vestiture usual in the Tortricidse; 

 without bristles. Maxillary palpi typically moderate and porrect, 

 rather bristle-like, often minute, folded in Acrolepia. Tongue normally 

 scaled, often strong. A'ery rarely absent. Hind tibia? various. No 

 aculea? or ovipositor. Fore Aving Avith R- running to outer margin 

 (except in the Ileliodinidre), but doubtful in some genera Avith reduced 

 venation ; R 4 and R- usually separate ; 1st A free, usually distinct 

 toAvard margin ; 2d A usually forked at base ; hind Aving Avith Sc and R 

 closely parallel at base, usually connected by Rj, but sometimes sepa- 

 rate ; never anastomosing. Female Avith tAvo bristles in frenulum. 

 Venation complete or nearly so. 



LarA'se and pupa 1 various, though ahvays shoAving the three prespira- 

 cular seta 1 in the larva. Cocoon A'ery frequently lacelike of open meshes. 



T 



FlGS. 210-211. YPONOMEUTIDvE 



210, Argyresthia nitidella (Europe), seta map; 211, Epermenia- illigerella 

 (Europe), seta map 



This superfamily, as here delimited, is a rather heterogeneous series 

 of forms AA'hich do not definitely belong to any of the other recognized 

 groups; and the family separation here giA'en is largely arbitrary 



