LEPIDOPTERA OF NEW YORK AND NEIGHBORING STATES 375 



SUPERFAMILY TORTRICOIDEA 



Moths varying from very small to very large, some exotic Cossidas 

 being the heaviest known moths. Head with short erect hair, usually 

 rough, but not high and bristling as in the Tineidse; in a few exotic 

 genera of Tortricidae smooth-scaled. Ocelli usually present. Antennae 

 as in the Yponomeutoidea ; palpi characteristic (figs. 240-243, 271-283), 

 more or less rough, projecting forward, the second joint usually rough- 

 scaled or with a rough triangular tuft, and the third fusiform, porrect, 

 often short, and rarely as long as second. Palpi in a few forms (for 

 instance, fig. 272) upturned more as in the Tineoid series; but then never 

 reaching the vertex and always with the third joint short. Palpi some- 

 times with roughly bristly vestiture, but never with the definite bristles 

 of the Tineidae. Maxillary palpi rudimentary or absent; the pilifer 

 large, and concealing them in any case. Tongue usually developed, but 

 often absent. Thorax with vestiture varying from simple scales to 

 deeper spatulate scales or hair; the vestiture of the legs similar. Hind 

 tibiae hairy, even when the legs otherwise are scaled. Spurs weak and 

 sometimes lost in the Cossidae. Upper spurs of hind legs well below 

 middle. Fore wing w r ith all veins preserved or with a single vein lost; 

 ample; R 5 running to outer margin with rare exceptions, and free or 

 stalked with R 4 ; the other veins usually free ; accessory cell distinct, 

 with its broad side resting on discal cell; the separating vein often 

 weak, but strong in the Cossidas and other primitive forms; 1st A 

 distinct, at least at margin, in the Tortricidae and Cossidas, but not in 

 the Phaloniidae and Carposinidas ; complete in the Cossidae; and, in 

 some western and exotic Cossidae, connected with 2d A by a crossvein; 

 2d A usually forked at base. Hind wing nearly as wide as fore wing 

 .but short in the Cossidae; Sc and R separate, or connected by R x ; 

 often differing in closely related species. R and M! often stalked; M 3 

 and Cu x often stalked or united, but with two veins lost only in Car- 

 posina ; 1st A as in fore wing, always free ; 2d A forked at base, but 

 less markedly than in the Choreutis group. 



The wings rarely if ever show the typical macro maculation with 

 ante- and postmedial lines and orbicular and reniform spots; in 

 the lower forms the marks are usually a system of irregular spottings 

 and anastomosing strise. 



Egg normally of flat type, that of the Cossinse upright. In 

 all the families, the larva typically is boring; but many of the 

 'Tortricidae have come to live externally, protected in some sort of 

 shelter, usually of a rolled or folded leaf, whence the name leaf- 



