396 WII.LTAM T. M. FORBES 



'.}. CARPOCAPSA Treitschkc 

 (Cydia; Laspeyresia, in part) 



Antenna- smooth; palpi almost smoothly scaled (fig. 273), obliquely upturned, 

 with short third segment, as in the smoothest species of Laspeyresia. Thorax 

 smooth. Venation as in Laspeyresia, the notch at M hardly visible. Hind wing 

 of male (fig. 249) with the fringe on Cu very strong, dark, and deflected down- 

 ward by a mass of shining scales in the lower part of the cell, which turn down 

 across the base of the fringe. A broad groove along 2d A, containing the pencil 

 arising from the basal fork of the vein; anal region with slightly modified general 

 scaling. Larva without anal fork. 



The genus is of moderate size; the larva feeding in fruits and seeds. It is well 

 represented in the West and in Europe, but has only a single introduced species in 

 the Northeast, the famous codling worm. The sexual characters are different in 

 almost every species and the genus is hardly distinct from Laspeyresia. 



I have placed C. toreuta and eroiella here temporarily, following Heinrich. They 

 are not true Carpocapsas. but so far as I know they have no valid generic name. 

 The whole group they represent are feeders on conifers. Laspeyresia, youngana, 

 also, should probably be grouped with them. 



1. C. pomonella Linnaeus (the codling-worm). Gray, with fine striation, show- 

 ing under a lens as white tips to blackish scales; base, or a broad antemedial 

 band, slightly darker, with excurved and scalloped outer boundary; speculum of 

 two bronze-brown bars, the outer one more or less broken up. filled in with choco- 

 late brown, the brown extending to form a large oval area almost reaching costa 

 and outer margin; costa and extreme outer margin striate and gray like the base. 

 No black in speculum, but speculum preceded by a heavy vertical black bar. 

 ending in a point halfway to costa. Fringe with a black line, and sometimes cut 

 with white at M,. Hind wing brown; the enlarged scales covering Cu in the 

 male lead-color; the hairs of the fringe on Cu blackish. 15-20 mm. 



The codling moth is generally distributed and injurious wherever apples are 

 grown ; occasionally it feeds in the fruits of a few other Rosacea, especially pears. 

 Northward there is but a single brood, the moths emerging in the spring (soon 

 after the blossoms fall) and laying their eggs on the outside of the young apples. 

 The larvoe enter by the calyx-cup and feed on the inside of the fruit, including the 

 growing seeds, growing slowly. They leave the fruit late in summer and form 

 their cocoons under the bark or, more rarely, in trash on the ground, hibernating 

 as larvae and pupating in the early spring. Southward there is a second brood, 

 the moths emerging in July and August, and laying their eggs on the well-grown 

 apples. The larvae of this brood often enter the side of the apple and feed less 

 systematically, leaving the apple late in the fall and hibernating like the single- 

 brooded forms. They are sometimes known as " side-worms." 



2. C. toreuta Grote. Dark gray; basal fourth, medial, and postmedial fasciae 

 lead-gray; also two subapical dots" and a marginal line half as wide as the fasciae. 



Larva in cones of yellow pine. 



Falls Church. Virginia: North Carolina: and west. The moth is perhaps wide- 

 spread in the East, but is rarely obtained save by breeding. 



3. C. erotella Heinrich. Lead-color. Two shining fasciae before and beyond 

 middle of wing, each starting from a double pale stria at costa, excurved, and 

 farther out on inner margin; a short bar on costa at three-fourths, also starting 

 from a double stria; and an irregular and broken subterminal line, preceded by 

 one or two black spots below middle of wing. Fringe with black basal line, cut 

 with whitish below apex; outer part of fringe shining lead-gray. Hind wing 

 concolorous. 9-10 mm. 



March (perhaps forced): August. Larva in pitch nodule or gall on Pinus 

 t&da, the type bred in association with Rhyacionio* cnmstocki-atia, 

 Maryland; Mississippi. 



