LEPIDOPTERA OF NEW YORK AND NEIGHBORING STATES 437 



somewhat darker, with a paler space between it and the first blackish patch; 

 speculum white, containing a black dot, and on its costal border two longitudinal 

 black lines, and partly defined with brown. Fringe sometimes dusted with 

 blackish. 15-20 mm. 



Caterpillar forming a gall on Heliantlnis. Moth flying in Texas in August. 



Maryland to Texas, west to California. 



2. S. cinerodorsana Heinrich (Kearfott ms.). Fore wing with costal two-thirds 

 blackish, dorsal third grayish white, the boundary irregular and diffuse; outer third 

 light wood-brown. Speculum white, with some small black spots, between two 

 very broad silvery bars, edged before, above, and beyond, except at anal angle, 

 with the wood-brown. Some dark gray and whitish striation on outer part of 

 costa; one stria extending obliquely across the apex, the rest short and unequal. 

 Fringe powdery gray, darkening to the apex. 13 mm. 



July and August. 



Maryland, Pennsylvania. 



20. RHYACIONIA Hiibner 

 (Evetria of authors, not Hiibner; Retinia Guenee) 



Palpi short, roughly clavate, with long, scaled, porrect third segment (fig. 283) ; 

 thorax smoothly scaled. Fore wing rounded (fig. 270). with oblique, excurved 

 outer margin; the radials all separate, R t from middle of cell, R, rather nearer R, 

 than R 1; M 2 straight, connate or shortly stalked with M 2 , except in the comstockiana 

 group, in which it may be perceptibly curved and well separated at origin; M 3 

 curved. No costal fold. Hind wing as in Eucosma. Valve simple, pollex present, 

 uncus absent, socii and gnathos weak or absent. Markings characteristic, formed 

 of slightly raised shining silver gray transverse lines, edged with white, at least 

 at the costal edge, in most of our species on an orange ground. 



R. comstockiana may run by the key to Charlotta, but oy its genitalia, habits, 

 and pattern belongs here. The palpi also are normal for Rhyacionia, and slightly 

 aberrant for Charlotta. 



The larvae are of three types. Typically they bore in terminal twigs of pines, 

 very often working in the leader. Some species kill the shoots outright, often 

 causing the tree to fork; others, like the introduced R. buoliana, distort it, 

 resulting in a tree with a crooked trunk. Some are seriously injurious, especially 

 in nurseries, where the only remedy seems to be hand-picking the affected shoots, 

 which show an exuding mass of pitch. The second group, Petrova Heinrich, live 

 in pitch-nodules on the twigs; and the third, Barbara Heinrich (which contains 

 no described eastern species) bore in the cones of spruce. 



Key to the species 

 1. Ground dark gray. 



2. Head gray; fore wing evenly strigose 9. gemistrigulana. 



2. Head orange; fore wing with two rounded blackish patches.. 10. picicotona. 

 1. Ground gray out to end of cell, the terminal third, more or less, yellowish. 

 2. Male antenna heavily ciliate; gray area on inner margin reaching almost 



out to anal angle 4. busckana. 



2. Male antenna lightly ciliate; a tawny patch in fold below end of cell, the 

 solid gray extending only about to the middle of the inner margin 



5. adana. 

 1. Ground red-brown or orange, at least on outer half of wing. 



2. Terminal space gray (except toward apex), or at least crossed by three 



heavy oblique gray striae 2. 



2. Terminal space red. 



