LEPIDOPTERA OF NEW YORK AND NEIGHBORING STATES 445 



A northern species, ranging from Nova Scotia to Manitoba, and south to Penn- 

 sylvania. New York: Peru, McLean, Karner, and New Windsor. 



2. G. substitutionis Heinrich. Blackish. Head grayish fuscous; fore wing with 

 a moderately broad white median area, its inner margin regularly excurved and 

 outer margin outwardly oblique and a little irregular; outer part of costa with 

 four pairs of white striae; the first and third pairs lying at the commencement of 

 irregular excurved lead -colored bands, which approach and become broader- toward 

 inner margin, forming the speculum. Speculum enclosing a few black dots or 

 bars. Fringe dark, with a blackish basal line. Hind wing dark. 12 mm. 



July. 



Manitoba; New York: Ithaca. 



This is the American representative of G. incarnana, and may stand as it in 

 some collections, but as a rule that name has been used for specimens of the 

 transmissana group of Epiblema. 



3. H. haimbachiana Kearfott. Dull gray, less brownish than H. salicicolana. 

 Basal third blackish and strongly contrasting toward inner margin, becoming 

 lighter toward ccsta, its outer boundary angled at Cu, often forming nearly a 

 right angle. Often with a slight gray shade, but little darker than the general 

 color, from middle of costa to inner margin, three-fourths way out, bent some- 

 what at middle, and somewhat irregular, twice as wide at inner margin as at costa; 

 also with some vague striation. Apical dot black, contrasting, but a little 

 blurred; line in fringe distinct toward costa. Concavity on outer margin a little 

 shallower and broader than in H. salieicolana. 15 mm. (Epinotial Kearfott). 



June to August. Superficially H. haimbachiana is rather like Rhopobota ilici- 

 foliana, but it is easily distinguished by the shallower notch in the margin as 

 well as by the free R* and R 5 , and the lack of sex-scaling. 



New Jersey to Wisconsin and southern Ohio. 



4. H. salicicolana Clemens. Notch well marked and well above middle of wing. 

 'Dull gray -brown, when fresh with a slight purple gloss; the basal third con- 

 trastingly darker, obscurely mottled, the outer two-thirds sometimes frosted with 

 whitish; outer boundary of dark base strongly outcurved at middle. A dark 

 streak from costa beyond middle to middle of wing at two -thirds way to apex, 

 sharply bent there, and very obscurely continued to inner margin. Dark apical 

 dot obscure, preceded by a pale stria; dark line in fringe obscure below, distinct 

 toward costa. 12 mm. (Epinotia,, Hedya; saliciana Clemens). 



June. Larva a leaf roller on willow; also in "pine-cone" gall. 

 New Hampshire to Pennsylvania, and probably generally distributed. New York : 

 Ithaca. 



25. ZEIRAPHERA Treitschke 



(Epinotia, in part) 



Thorax and fore wing smooth. Fore wing (fig. 253) with outer margin evenly 

 excurved, the veins not at all approximate at margin. R 4 and R 3 sometimes con- 

 nate, not stalked; Cu 2 slightly bent 'up toward margin; no costal fold. 



Valve sickle-shaped; anal indentation densely spined; cucullus large; sacculus 

 reduced, not strongly spined, but practically always with a series of bristles 

 homologous with the enlarged ones of Proteoteras, but far less conspicuous. Uncus 

 rudimentary; socii broad, triangular; gnathos free, weak. 



This is a homogeneous genus, and perhaps more primitive than its position 

 would appear to indicate, as it closely resembles the species of Epinotia which 

 have a similar wing form. P. claypoleana is put in this genus by Heinrich, but 

 differs markedly in wing form, and I would put more weight on the characteristic 

 larva than on the small difference in genitalia. 



