LEPIDOPTERA OP NEW YORK AND NEIGHBORING STATES 485 



15. P. Ipgiana, Schiffermiiller. Typically pearl gray, with a contrasting brown 

 costal triangle, which extends nearly to apex, and tends to run down a little along 

 the outer series of tufts; a double point below. Tufts small. Fringe darker in 

 pale specimens, concolorous with hind wing. Fore wing in variety gennarana 

 Frolich gray, shaded with brown, the costal triangle not contrasting with the 

 other brown shades; in variety famula Zeller, dull fuscous with the triangle 

 barely traceable; the fuscous ground, under the lens, showing as gray, more or 

 less flecked with red-brown. Fore wing in other specimens strongly shaded with 

 yellow on the outer half (variety viburnana Clemens). 



This complexly variable species is best determined by breeding from its food 

 plant, Viburnum. 



General in distribution. New York: Ithaca, Karner, New Windsor. 



P. stadiana Barnes and Busck is unknown to me. It is described as similar to 

 P. viburnana, but smaller (16 mm.) with the costal triangle relatively smaller, 

 ground light reddish brown, rather heavily overlaid toward the apex with dark 

 brown, and terminal edge dusted with black. It was described from Ottawa, 

 Canada. 



16. P. schalleriana Linnaeus. Light dull gray; with scattered small black tufts. 

 Costal patch a clean-cut triangle, twice as long on outer as on inner side, and 

 truncate parallel to the costa along the middle of the cell; costal patch bright 

 brown, with some black scaling on its edges, and with two blackish bars in the 

 fringe at its apex. 18-20 mm. 



Two broods, August to April; June and July. Larva green with darker side- 

 stripes, head and cervical shield yellow-brown, with blackish spots on sides of 

 shield; in flowers and young leaves on Symphytum, Salix, and Vaccinium. 



Quebec to Massachusetts, West to British Columbia; Europe. 



17. P. hastiana Linnaeus. Fore wing with moderate antemedial and medial 

 tufts in cell and in fold, the medials about three-fourths way out in the cell; 

 with no corresponding tuft in cell Cu\. Outer part of wing smooth scaled. Mark- 

 ings extremely variable, and of two principal types: either with a longitudinal 

 stripe, which may run through the middle of the wing or rather toward the costa. 

 or may be represented by a broad pale costal area; or with mainly transverse 

 markings, either contrasting or obscure, of which the most distinct is an oblique 

 fascia between the two pairs of tufts in the cell. Ground usually violet- to brown- 

 ish-gray, duller than in P. variana. 20 mm. (celiana Robinson). 



Larva much like P. schalleriana, on Vaccinium and Andromeda. 



Generally distributed and not rare, but thoroughly confused in collections with 

 various of the following species : New York : Hemlock Lake, Ithaca, McLean, 

 Albany. (Variety inana Robinson occurs at New Windsor, and variety ftavivittana 

 Clemens is also reported from New York by Robinson. A black strain occurs 

 at McLean.) 



The principal named varieties are the following: 

 coronana Thunberg, with whitish antemedial fascia, 

 byringerana Hiibner, with a yellowish fascia on a red-brown ground, 

 psorana Frcelich, variable in ground color, with striation on the veins, and traoes_ 



of dark costal triangle, 

 autumnana Stephens, immaculate yellowish gray to dark brown, with the dark 



raised tufts only. 



aquilana Hiibner, dark, with veins finely pale and pale head and thorax. 

 albistriana Haworth, with fewer or no pale veins, and a pale dorsal stripe, 

 combustana Hiibner, with yellow dorsal stripe, 

 radiana Hiibner, dark, with pale veins on dorsal half, pale yellowish on costal 



half, with traces of dark veins, 

 divisana Hiibner, costal half contrastingly pale, white, or yellow, separated from 



the brown dorsal half by a dark line, 

 apiciana Htlbner, light brownish yellow, with a dark line from base to apex. 



