LEPIDOPTERA OF NEW YORK AND NEIGHBORING STATES 487 



the base of the fold, practically filling the space from Cu to A; the outer tufts 

 strong, well separated, and not very numerous; the one in cell Cu, typically much 

 out of line with the others, but variable. Fragariana Kearfott applies to speci- 

 mens with the tuft in cell.CUj practically in line. 15 mm. 



Larva on Prunus, rose, and strawberry; also reported from willow. 



New Hampshire to British Columbia. 



P. robinsoniana Kearfott appears from the tufting to be a variety of permutana. 

 The inner margin is contrasting light yellow, widening to half the width of the 

 wing at outer margin; the rest wood-brown, shading into black on basal half toward 

 apex. 



Specimens seen from New Hampshire, New Jersey, and Manitoba. 



P. clemensiana Kearfott is another probable variety; it is suffused with black- 

 ish except the large tuft on the disc and a patch at the anal angle, which are 

 ochreous. 



Hampton, new Hampshire. 



P. flavivittana of Robinson, not Clemens, is another form of very different appear- 

 ance; red-brown frosted with gray and white; with the inner margin from base 

 to anal angle heavily dusted with white and marked by a fine white line. 



Several other unnamed forms occur. ' 



New Hampshire. 



22. P. pulverosana Walker. Violet-gray, with a good many small groups of black 

 scales, rather loosely and roughly scaled, but with small tufts. Tuft in Cu, hardly 

 out of line, but moth distinguished from maculidorsana by its even gray color, 

 with a contrasting yellow-brown spot in the end of the cell, defined inwardly by the 

 black tufts. (When yellow-brown is present in ntaculidorsana, it is more extensive 

 and diffuse.) 18 mm. (brewsteriana) . 



Massachusetts ; Manitoba. 



P. hypericana Ely is closely similur. The base before the tufts is grayish white, 

 with a strong blackish patch on the base of the inner margin, covering the first 

 tuft. The oblique series of tufts is normally followed by a strong yellow shade. 



Larva on Hypericum. 



Connecticut. 



23. P. ferrugana Schiffermiiller. Brown, often shaded with pale dirty gray or 

 blackish; rarely, almost wholly of the pale gray, with scattered browner scales. 

 Costal triangle never complete, but often marked in blackish. Tufts normal, small 

 and clean-cut, usually of black and white scales; that in cell Cu, out of line. Dis- 

 tinguished from the hastiana series by its brown or brownish color, and lack of 

 contrasting gray or yellow marks, from the comandrana group, by its less clean- 

 cut costal .triangle, arid usually by its more decided yellow-brown tint. 15 mm. 



Larva on white birch. 



Semiannula Robinson is the extreme, light form; pale gray with only scattered 

 brown scales. P. gallicolana Clemens, I am unable to place, but from its food 

 habit it is more apt to be an earlier name for heindeliana Fernald than a synonym 

 of this species; the description also agrees. If so, the supposed type at Philadel- 

 phia is incorrectly labelled. 



Generally distributed. New York: Wilmington, Ithaca (United States National 

 Museum), Taughannock. 



III. Fore wing ivith costa strongly concave, even in male, and roughly scaled 

 before and beyond the concavity in both sexes; apex strongly falcate. Tufts 

 as in the preceding group, (Rhacodia). 



24. P. effractana Fro?lich. Gray, more or less shaded with reddish; sometimes 

 largely pale reddish. 18 mm. 



August. Larva green, with yellow-brown head; on poplar, willow, and birch. 

 Europe; Ottawa, Ontario; etc. 



