LEPIDOPTERA OF NEW YORK AND NEIGHBORING STATES 557 



reniform, which is confused; black postmedial line deeply dentate below and 

 finely so toward costa. A fuscous subterminal shade; terminal line double, 

 the outer line in the fringe. Hind wing paler fuscous, sometimes with blackish 

 veins on disc, sometimes with a vague yellowish postmedial shade, and nar- 

 rower irregular yellow terminal band; blackish terminal line double. (A 

 specimen from Newfoundland has all the yellow shades on the fore wing, except 

 the terminal band, replaced by light blue-gray. ) 25-28 mm. ( cereralis Zeller. ) 



Usually rare; sporadically injurious; usually confused with L. sticticalis, 

 but easily distinguished in the male, by the hind tibiae. Larva about like that 

 of L. sticticalis. 



General in distribution. "New York" (Grote). 



6. L. chortalis Grote. Pale yellowish, marked and shaded with light gray, 

 appearing greenish on account of the yellow underlay. Veins contrasting gray ; 

 postmedial line serrate; subterminal gray, normally serrate; basal markings 

 confused, largely lost in gray shading; hind wing whitish, with wavy sub- 

 terminal and variable, often obscure, postmedial lines; terminal line dark gray. 

 25 mm. 



Not rare from May to August. 



General, north to Northern Ontario and west to California. New York : 

 Black Brook, Uphill Brook (Mt. Marcy), Clayton, Buffalo, Ithaca, Big Indian 

 Valley, Onteora Mountain, Karner, Albany, Rhinebeck, New Windsor. 



7. L. dasconalis Walker. White, with traces of the markings of L. chortalis 

 and a faint light gray terminal line; front of thorax and base of costa bright 

 yellow. 



Apparently rare. June to August. Larva on Baptisia. 

 Massachusetts to Illinois and south. New York: New Windsor. 



8. L. marculenta Grote. Upper outer spur minute. Pale lemon yellow; head 

 deeper ochre; markings pale brownish gray, very slightly diffuse; antemedial 

 line excurved and somewhat wavy; postmedial sinuous and moderately dentate, 

 most deeply on Cu 2 ; subterminal a vague shade; terminal fine; orbicular and 

 reniform small and diffuse. Hind wing similar toward margin, nearly hyaline 

 white toward base; postmedial straight or curved; subterminal close to margin, 

 sometimes fused with terminal line or absent in pale specimens. Markings 

 often nearly obsolete. 20 mm. (probably obliteralis Walker.) 



May to August. Larva on Solidago. 

 Massachusetts to Texas. New York: General. 



9. L. mancalis Lederer. Upper outer spur one-quarter the length of the 

 inner. Similar to L. marculenta and usually confused with it. Rather duller 

 straw yellow; rarely, with brown veins as in L. chortalis; postmedial line 

 almost evenly sinuate on fore wing; on hind wing straight from below costa 

 to fold, and stopping there. Subterminal distinct, close to margin. Front 

 brown with whitish shades; palpi light brown. 



June; August. Caterpillar on Convolvulus, Rumex, and mint. 

 Maryland to Missouri and south ("Maine" in error). 



III. Very small species; costa and outer margin nearly straight, meeting at 

 a sharp angle; front as in L. externalis; palpi twice as long as heAd; 

 maxillary palpi large, triangular, truncate at tip, hind wing with M 2 

 and M 3 tvidely separate, parallel at base. 



10. L. ophionalis Walker. Light yellow, suffused with tawny and brown; 

 with a single straight red-brown and yellow subterminal band. 10 mm. 



North Carolina and south. 



A closely related form, with crimson ground-color, occurs on the sand bar- 

 rens of Illinois. It may be a race of ophionalis. 



