620 WILLIAM T. M. FORBES 



type 3a (fig. 379) ; discocellular approximate to lovvef side of cell from near 

 origin of Cu.>, or just beyond. Sc and R approximate. 



The larvae (fig. 393) so far as known are all borers in Coniferae, usually under 

 the bark of the twigs, or in the cones; causing more or less exudation of pitch. 

 Sometimes they feed externally, concealed in a tube formed of pitch and frass. 

 Several are serious pests. 



Key to the species 



1. Fore wing smoothly scaled (Dioryctria) 4. reniculella, 5. abietella. 



1. Fore wing with raised scale ridges or tufts; gray shaded with reddish 



(Pinipestis) . 

 2. Postmedial line with indentations in discal and submedial folds nearly 



equal; small with slight median scale ridge (18 mm.) 3. pygmceella. 



2. Postmedial line with discal notch slightly deeper; a very heavy median 



scale ridge ; large ( 25 mm. ) 1. zimmermanni. 



2. Postmedial line deeply toothed in opposite cell ; antemedial line reaching 

 margin at middle of wing, strongly oblique ( 25 mm. ) 2. clarioralis. 



1. D. zimmermanni Grote. Gray, shaded with reddish, especially toward the 

 base, and with blackish; the two scale ridges blackish, the median one very 

 heavy. Lines pale gray, defined on both sides with blackish, more strongly toward 

 the median area. Antemedial line zigzag, hardly farther from base on inner 

 margin than on costa; discal dot pale, diffuse, but contrasting; postmedial line 

 denticulate, moderately angled in opposite cell, and very slightly so on fold. 

 Terminal space rather paler and more gray; terminal line somewhat broken, black. 

 28 mm. 



August. 



Larva injurious to pine, working by preference under the bark of small branches, 

 causing the pitch to ooze out. Cocoon usually formed in a mass of pitch. Some- 

 times seriously injurious. July. Doubtless there is a second brood in the fall, 

 emerging the following spring. 



Hampton, .New Hampshire, to Pennsylvania. New York : reported from Oswego 

 County, Gowanda, Cheektowaga, Hamburgh, Clarence Center, Buffalo, Schenectady, 

 Karner, Hastings. 



2. D. clarioralis Walker. Similar to D. zimmermanni; antemedial line strongly 

 oblique, only a little sinuous, and not angled on fold, reaching inner margin at 

 middle; outer line with tooth in discal fold almost as deep as wide, merely 

 dentate below. Discal spot obscure. 28 mm. (zimmermanni Hulst, not Grote.) 



"United States" (Walker). Seen only from Florida, and probably confined to 

 the South. 



3. D. pygmaeella Ragonot. Similar to P. zimmermanni; much smaller, median 

 scale ridge hardly raised; a distinct blackish shade between the discal bar, which 

 is pale, and the costal end of the outer line; antemedial line zigzag, erect, pre- 

 ceded by a broad deep orange band toward the inner margin. 18 mm. 



North Carolina; Florida. 



4. D. reniculella Grote. Ash gray, crisply powdered with black on white, with a 

 slight brown tint to the darker parts; especially in rubbed specimens; base and 

 terminal space paler; antemedial space solidly dark gray; the lower half of the 

 median area also with a dark patch. Lines whitish, somewhat dusted with gray, 

 heavily defined with dark gray; antemedial line erect, somewhat dentate; post- 

 medial line diffuse, notched in the discal fold, and slightlv concave below; discal 

 dot a distinct upright oblong spot. 25 mm. (obietella of Hulst, in part.) 



Larva injurious to spruce: its habits much like D. zimmermanni; very often 

 working in the young cones. Moth in August. 



