LEPIDOPTERA OF NEW YORK AND NEIGHBORING STATES 657 



The caterpillar (fig. 412), when young, makes a lace-like nest 

 between two leaves; later it forms a portable house of two pieces of 

 leaf, which is lined with heavy silk, very roomy inside, and has a 

 circular opening at each end. When not moving about, it anchors 

 the case with silk, often in a slight nest formed of leaves drawn 

 together, closing one opening of the case with its head, and the 

 other with the circular thickened posterior end of its body. Head 

 rough, more rounded than usual and heavily chitinized, wider than 

 prothorax ; body thin-skinned, swollen at middle, and a little flattened ; 

 abdomen with seta i nearer to middle line than ii, even on ninth 

 segment; iv and v well below level of spiracle and more or less 

 approximate ; vii composed of 2 or 3 setae on first, second, seventh, 

 and eighth segments; four (Lacosoma), or seven (Cicinnus) setae on 

 leg-bearing segments. Prolegs rather short, normal, with a complete 

 circle of biordinal hooks. The full-grown caterpillar hibernates in its 

 case at the surface of the ground, and pupates in the spring, like 

 many micros. 



Pupa obtect, of macro type : heavily chitinized, with three movable 

 segments. Head missing in the only specimen before me ; tongue rudi- 

 mentary, as wide as long, with a minute rhomboidal labium between the 

 bases of the maxillae ; fore femur broadly exposed, apparently not quite 

 reaching the eye ; fore tibiae broadly abutting on the eye, middle tibia 3 

 falling far short; the tips of the hind tarsi visible beyond the tips of 

 the middle ones. Antennae broadly pectinate ; no spiracular furrows ; 

 abdominal segments 2 to 7, with a double set of alternating teeth near 

 front edge, dorsally, those on segment 7, much the strongest; first seg- 

 ment much reduced. This pupa seems distinctly Saturnioid in char- 

 acter, and agrees with the general impression that this family is related 

 to the ancestral Saturnioidea. 



The family is a rather small one, and wholly American. 



Key to the genera 



Margin of fore wing deeply scalloped (fig. 411) 1. Lacosoma. 



Margin of fore wing even 2. Cicinnus. 



1. LACOSOMA Grote 



1. L. chiridota Grote. Deep ochre yellow, red-brown, or dark brown, the male 

 usually darker, with dark brown and white fringe, and more or less distinct 

 postmedial band and discal dots on both wings. 22-30 mm. (H 41:21.) 



June. Caterpillar in a somewhat clumsy and nearly circular case, on oak, 

 in the late fall. Without clubbed setfe on head. 



Massachusetts to Pennsylvania, Iowa, and south. New York: Binghamton, 

 Poughkeepsie, Staten Island, Yaphank. 



