LEPTDOPTERA OF NEW YORK AND NEIGHBORING STATES 663 



1. Spines subequal in length, at least several pairs of subdorsal ones. 

 2. Spines minute, mere tubercles, surmounted by long setae (fig. 417). 



3. Secondary hair more conspicuous; no secondaries on labrum; head green, 



body with transverse white lines S. 3. Tropaea. 



3. Secondary hair weaker; a couple of secondaries on labrum, head brown; 



body with oblique stripes on sides S. 4. Telea. 



2. Spines long, heavily spinulated, the caterpillar as a whole appearing hairy. 

 3. Ninth segment of abdomen with a small spine on mid-dorsal line; spines 



poisonous (fig. 418). 

 4. Subdorsal spines of abdomen truncated, and discolorous in last stage; 



laterals sparsely spinulated S. 1. Hemileuca. 



4. Subdorsal spines rather longer than laterals; and both densely spinu- 

 lated S. 2. Automeris. 



3. Ninth segment without a mid-dorsal spine. . . .young of various Saturniinae. 



2. Spines small, pointed, and strongly flattened C. 3. Adelocephala. 



2. Spines modified into knobs, with rudimentary conical setae. 



3. Four knobs on thorax and caudal horn slightly enlarged, discolorous. 



S. 6. Samia. 

 3. Knobs all equal, blue S. 7. Philosamia. 



Key to genera, pupa 



1. Pupae with flanges on anterior edges of movable segments; not telescoping 



when dried; cocoon slight or absent; cremaster present. 



2. Cremaster distinctly bifurcate, though sometimes shorter than wide; meta- 

 thorax with a pair of prominent dorsal tubercles; pupa in ground. 



(Citheroniidse). 

 3. Pupa not spinose, cremaster broader than long, not over 2 mm. long. 



C. 1. Citheronia. 



3. Pupa more or less spinose; cremaster at least twice as long as broad. 

 4. Pupa sparsely spinose; posterior row of spines on segments 5, 6, and 7 



of abdomen longer than anterior C. 2. Eacles. 



4. Pupa densely spinose, anterior row of spines on segments 5 to 7 



usually longer than posterior. 

 5. Pupa with a raised transverse ridge at middle of eighth segment 



of abdomen, dorsally C. 4. Anisota. 



5. No such ridge C. 3. Adelocephala. 



2. Cremaster short, more or less rudimentary, not bifurcate. ... (Hemileucinse). 

 3. Front edge of segments, above flange-plates, with sharp transverse ridges; 



pupa in light cocoon S. 2. Automeris. 



3. Front edge of segments above flange -plates smooth, or with fine longi- 

 tudinal striation; pupa uncovered S. 1. Hemileuca. 



1. No flanges at anterior edges of abdominal segments, the segments telescoping 

 within each other in a dried specimen; pupa always in a cocoon. 



(Saturniidae). 

 2. Movable part of abdomen (segments 5 to 7) strongly tapering toward 



rear; pupa strongly humped; cocoon in our species without trapdoor. 

 3. Anterior slopes of movable segments of abdomen with three transverse 

 ridges on sides, cremastral hooks in a circular group.... S. 3. Tropaea. 

 3. Anterior slopes of movable segments merely granulose on sides; cremas- 

 tral hooks in two circular groups S. 4. Telea. 



2. Movable part of abdomen nearly cylindrical, the pupa less humped; cocoon 

 with a trapdoor. 



