668 WILLIAM T. M. FORBES 



3. A. virginiensis Drury. Male with outer margin of fore wing practically 

 straight; of hind wing, normally distinctly concave; hind wing much longer on 

 inner margin than on costa. Cround deep red-brown, ot'cen shaded with yellow - 

 brown beyond middle of costa; disc of fore wing with a nearly transparent patch 

 beyond the large white discal dot, clothed with widely spaced rudimentary scales. 

 Postmedial line obsolete across the transparent patch, distinct toward the costa, 

 antemedial line sometimes traceable. Postmedial line of hind wing below narrower, 

 better-defined, passing well beyond the cell. Body deep yellow-brown. Female with 

 M 3 and Cu, separate"; fore wing translucent, ochreous, the outer margin of both 

 wings and the base of the fore wing somewhat suffused with, pinkish; postmedial 

 line rather weak, discal dot often small. Male 40, female 50 mm. (H 8:9 male, 

 10 female.) 



One brood in June. Caterpillar blackish, heavily dusted with cream-white tuber- 

 cles; with two pairs of broad pink stripes; smaller spines nearly 2 mm., long in 

 large part, but reduced to tubercles on prothorax. On oak. 



Quebec to Minnesota and south. New York : Plattsburg, Buffalo, Lancaster. 

 Ithaca, Salem, Albany, Staten Island, Brooklyn. 



4. A. sanatoria Smith and Abbot. Male practically like male virginiensis, nor- 

 mally with fore wing a little shorter, with more convex outer margin, somewhat 

 less translucent disc, smaller discal dot, postmedial region of costa no yellower 

 than the base and outer margin, and no trace of antemedial line; hind wing 

 shorter, more rounded than in A. virginiensis, with nearly straight outer margin. 

 Hind wing below with postmedial line more diffuse, crossing lower angle of cell. 

 The range of variation of this species and of A. virginiensis seems to overlap. 

 Female indistinguishable from female A. stigma, but on the average smaller, nar- 

 rower winged, and with fewer brown dots; normally with M 3 and Cu x short-stalked. 

 Male 40, female 50 mm. 



One brood in June. Caterpillar on oak, sometimes on beech; black, striped 

 with bright yellow, with black head; all the lesser spines reduced to tubercles 

 less than 1 mm. long. 



Quebec to Minnesota and south, rarer westward. New York: Karner, Bronx- 

 ville, Staten Island; Yaphank, Long Island. 



Family 39. SATURNIIDJE 



Moths large or very large, some exotic forms being almost the largest 

 of known Lepidoptera. Body stout and heavy, but typically small 

 in proportion to the enormous wings, relatively large in the Hemi- 

 leucinae. Vestiture hairy and dense. Antennas plumose in male, in 

 none of our species with simple apex; typically pectinate in female. 

 Mouth parts much reduced, the tongue, when recognizable, usually too 

 short to coil. Fore wing with M x free from R-stem in all the eastern 

 species (stalked in the western genus Coloradia), typically closely 

 associated with M 2 ; cell often open. Hind wing with 3d A rudimen- 

 tary except in Hemileuca. Egg with heavier shell than in the Cith- 

 eroniidse, usually somewhat rough. Larva with densely bristly spines, 

 at least in younger stages, never with primitive first stage; tubercles 

 i of segment eight of abdomen fused into a caudal horn in all our 

 species, separate in Saturnia ; ii of segment eight rarely developed 

 into a spine ; ii of segment nine fused on middle line only in the 

 Hemileucinae, which have subequal bristly spines and a smooth anal 



