672 WILLIAM T. M. FORBES 



forming a ring about the stem; cocoon usually falling to the ground. The moth 

 secretes a good deal of acid from the mouth before emerging, with which the silk 

 is softened; and then cuts the silk with a hook developed out of one of the basal 

 sclerites of the fore wing. 



1. T. polyphemus Cramer. Grounds typically tawny yellow, dusted with blackish, 

 but varying from cream color to olive or black-brown; outer margin and base 

 rarely darkened. Collar and costa ash gray; antemedial line red and white, offset 

 on Cu; postmedial line more than three-fourths way to margin, pinkish white, 

 preceded by a blackish shade, and by a double black spot at costa; median shade 

 faint, dark. Discal eyespot of fore wing with a good-sized hyaline center, ringed 

 with yellow and finely with black; hind wing with a large black patch, enclosing 

 the discal eyespot in its outer part; and largely filled with a blue shade; sepa- 

 rated from the ocellus by a fine black line. Postmedial line heavier than in fore 

 wing. Under side marbled in several shades of brown, quite unlike upper side; 

 the wings folded over the back at rest. 125 mm. Dwarfs (down to 65 mm.), and 

 giants (150 mm.) occur. (H 9:1.) 



One brood in the north, in June and July; two southward. Caterpillar on maple, 

 birch, and many 'other trees; translucent grass green, with pinkish head, more or 

 less pinkish shining tubercles and thin slightly oblique whitish bars on sides. 

 Young caterpillars have a darker brown head, and relatively longer spine. The 

 color does not change before pupation. 



Common and generally distributed. New York: Common everywhere in the 

 State. 



5. CALLOSAMIA Packard 



(Samia; Aitacus, in part) 



Male antennae plumose, the pectinations alternating in color, but scarcely in 

 length; female antenna? about half as wide, with shorter pectinations also nearly 

 as long as the longer ones. Mouth parts obsolete; male with very small body, 

 female body large, but much shorter than the wings, which are strongly concave 

 along the inner margin. Fore wing with rounded but produced apex, especially 

 in male, and concave outer margin; hind wing produced at anal angle in male, 

 margin rounded. Fore wing with R., preserved, Rj free (fig. 413) upper discocellular 

 very long, cell open, and Mj and M 2 stalked in both wings. Wings folded over 

 back at repose. 



Eggs whitish, blotched with dull red cement, more rounded than in Telea and 

 Tropsea. Larva, when young, as usual, with banded head; full-grown larva with 

 two pairs of large blunt tubercles on meso- and metathorax, and one dorsal one 

 on segment eight of abdomen; the others reduced to minute black points. Pupa 

 nearly cylindrical, largely bright yellow-brown. Cocoon in a folded leaf, which 

 is normally attached to its twig by enclosing the petiole and a short bit of the 

 twig in silk. Cocoon proper oval, double, with a filling of floss silk between the 

 two denser layers; each layer with a trapdoor at head-end of cocoon for emer- 

 gence of moth, formed by a group of converging longitudinal loops of silk, which 

 spring together again after emergence. The pupa rarely passes two years before 

 emergence. 



Key to the species 



1. Outer margin bright ochre yellow; base of hind wing, below, largely rusty 



orange 3. Carolina. 



1. Outer margin clay color; base of hind wing, below, reddish or blackish brown, 



without yellow tint. 

 2. Fore wing, above,' blackish; antennae broader (males). 



3. Discal spots above large and angulate 2. angulifera>. 



3. Discal spots faint or absent 1. promethea- 



