LEPIDOPTERA OF NEW YORK AND NEIGHBORING STATES 673 



2. Fore wing above blackish or red-brown toward base, without decided yellow 



tint; pinkish red-brown in postmedial area 1. promethea $?. 



2. Fore wing broadly shaded with ochre yellow, especially toward base. 



2. angulifera $. 



1. C. promethea Drury. Male nearly black, a little shining when fresh; post- 

 medial region slightly paler; antemedial line lost; discal dot usually lost, or 

 represented by a faint pale spot; postmedial line waved, fine, pale, a little morr 

 erect than outer margin; margin clay color, with a fine deeply waved black sub 

 terminal line ; apical region, except beyond subterminal line, shaded with crimson ; 

 a waved oblique white apical line in cell R 3 and a large rounded black, brown, 

 and blue eyespot in cell R 4 . Hind wing similar, without the apical marks, with 

 a chain of blackish spots before the subterminal line. Under side of fore wing 

 similar, the postmedial area much paler, especially near the postmedial line, 

 pinkish, and powdery. Hind wing with ground deep red-brown, the costa and 

 postmedial pace as in fore wing; discal bar often contrasting, but not large. 

 Female with base of wings dull red, sometimes with a slight orange tint, shaded 

 with blackish; antemedial line pale, defined with blackish, bent at a right angle 

 over cell; postmedial line white, waved, preceded by a strong black shade; discal 

 spot pale, edged with blackish, bar-shaped or angulate, not touching postmedial 

 line. Postmedial region much paler, pinkish, and powdery; marginal marks like 

 those of male; hind wing similar to fore wing, the dark blotches before the waved 

 subterminal line dull red. Under side dull red, marked like male, the markings 

 lightly defined with blackish, especially on fore wing. 75 mm. (H 8:3 <$, 4 J.) 



June to August, the second brood partial. Male flying by day, female by 

 night, and not normally flying at all until after mating. Caterpillar on many 

 trees, preferring sassafras and spicebush, wild cherry, and tulip tree. On hatching, 

 yellow, with head and body heavily striped transversely with black; soon turning 

 green. When full-grown, blue -green, somewhat pruinose, with the four thoracic 

 humps red and the caudal one yellow, their bases ringed with black. No stig- 

 matal line (H 1:2). Cocoon always suspended, twice as long as wide. 



Common and generally distributed, north to Montreal, Quebec. New York: 

 Buffalo, Ithaca, Elmira, Saratoga Springs, Albany, and common southward. 



2. C. angulifera Walker. Pattern similar to C. promethea; male somewhat 

 lighter umber brown, with strong angulate discal white spots on both surfaces; 

 female heavily shaded with yellow, the angulate discal spots very large, and 

 often crossing the postmedial line. Male as well as female nocturnal. 

 (H 11:11 J, 12 $.) 



Two broods, common southward. June; August. Caterpillar similar to that 

 of C. promethea; when young, normally with head only striped, later with a clear 

 yellow substigmatal stripe; on various trees, but especially tulip tree. Cocoon 

 usually not attached to twig, and so falling to the ground with the leaves. 



New England and south. New York : Buffalo, Ithaca ( rare ) , Dutchess County, 

 Staten Island, Brooklyn. 



C. Carolina Jones (securifera Maassen and Weymer?) approaches our southern 

 boundary. The moth is suffused on both sides in both sexes with bright ochre 

 yellow; discal spots of male small, as in C. promethea. Caterpillar like that of 

 C. promethea in all stages; cocoon suspended, very large, the outer cocoon inflated 

 and three times the diameter of the inner. Food Magnolia glauca only (refusing 

 other Magnolias, but accepting tulip tree ) . South Carolina ; Alabama ; Florida 

 ( figured by Packard as C. angulifera ) . 



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