LECTURE VII. 

 THE PEOBLEM OE BODY AND MIND. 



§ 1. The Approach to the Problem. § 2. What Must Be Recog- 

 nised from the Biological Side. § 3. What Must Be Recog- 

 nised from the Humanist Side. § 4. Various Theories of the 

 Relation of ' Mind ' and ' Body \ § 5. Monistic Speculation 

 along the Line of the Double-Aspect or Correlation Tlieonj. 



§ 1. The A'pprocbch to the Problem. 



It is with a heightened sense of responsibility that we 

 turn to the ancient problem of the relation of body and 

 mind. But it is a question in regard to which the biologist 

 has something to say, and it cannot be evaded in a study 

 of Animate Nature nor in prolegomena to a philosophy of 

 Animate Nature. By the latter we mean a consistent think- 

 ing together of what we know and feel about Animate Na- 

 ture along with what we know and feel about other orders 

 of facts. 



As the view to which a biologist is most naturally led 

 may seem, at first sight, disappointing, and may even be 

 misunderstood as a capitulation of the citadel of personality, 

 we would plead that after we get past what seems to most 

 thinkers the quite untenable position of crude materialism, 

 with its Gothamite metaphysic, and what seems to most 

 scientific workers the quite untenable position of subjective 

 idealism, and the theory of epiphenomenalism, which is 

 materialism in modern garb, the conclusion we come to does 

 not imply any practical depreciation of the reality of the 

 bodily system and activity on the one hand, or of spiritual 



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