LECTURE XVI. 



THE EVOLUTION OF MIND AND MIND IN 



EVOLUTION. 



§ 1. Of the Fact of the Evolution of Behaviour There Is No Doubt. 

 § 2. Difficulty of Understanding the Process. § 3. Provisional 

 Sketch of the Evolution of Behaviour. § 4. The Efficiency of 

 Mind in Everyday Life. § 5. The Evolutionary Efficiency of 

 Mind. 



§ 1. Of the Fact of the Evolution of Behaviour There Is 



No Doubt. 



In a typical human life, thinking and feeling and willing 

 bulk largely, and we naturally inquire into the historical 

 setting of these capacities. We cannot make the mental 

 states of animals the object of direct observation; on the 

 other hand, we cannot believe that mental states began with 

 Man. So we seek for indirect evidence that animals share 

 them. Can we discern stages in mental evolution ? And 

 this raises another question : In human evolution the prac- 

 tical importance of mind is certain; has it also counted 

 in the evolution of organisms ? 



It should be possible to discuss these questions in a scien- 

 tific way without going into the metaphysical question 

 whether the stuff out of which the world is built can he 

 thought of as independent of mind, and without discussing 

 the difficult question of the relation of mind to lx)dy, if 

 it be rightly called a relation. It goes without saying that 

 we cannot derive mind from anything else of a different 

 kind; if we seem to do so we are deceiving ourselves with 



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