520 THE EVOLUTION OF MIND 



in proportion to the extent of its remembrance, and in this 

 sense one may say that memory enfranchises it from the 

 dominion of matter.'^ 



It seems to us, however, that there is need for discrimina- 

 tion here between the little-brain type, with its climax in 

 ants and bees, and the big-brain type, with its climax in dog 

 and horse. The enregistration of capacities of effective rou- 

 tine reaches a high degree of perfection in ants and bees, 

 and we may call it racial memory if we please. But while 

 it makes for mastery of the usual, it does not bring any gift 

 of freedom — not even of educability. It is an enregistra- 

 tion of capacities of concatenated reflexes, but certainly not 

 of reflection. It is a memory that kills originality. We 

 agree therefore with those who distinguish the enregistering 

 of instinctive capacity from the enregistering of intelligent 

 capacity, the power of discerning relations, of controlled not 

 reflex behaviour. It is comparable in a way to the experi- 

 ence of many students who remember little of what they have 

 learned, read, or even solved, but who have as their reward 

 a capacity of rapid judgment. 



§ 4. The E-fficiency of Mind in Everyday Life, 



There is no use going farther without facing the position 

 of those who maintain that all this discussion is an unneces- 

 sary complication of the problem, who believe that to speak 

 of an inner life besides metabolism is only a faqon de parler, 

 "who regard mind at the best as a useless epiphenomenon. 



The first respiratory movements of the newborn offspring 

 are commanded by delicately adjusted inborn structural ar- 

 rangements in the medulla oblongata ; these are set into activ- 

 ity by external stimuli or by slight changes in the alkalinity 

 (Hydrogen-ion concentration) of the blood; and these again 



