NATURE CROWNED IN MAN 559 



largement of the brain-box and the bringing of the eyes to 

 the front. Another arboreal acquisition was a greatly in- 

 creased power of turning the head from side to side, and 

 many other changes were involved in backbone and collar- 

 bone, in chest and respiration, in hand and brain. " It is 

 the freed hand which is permitted to become the sensitive 

 hand, which now, so to speak, goes in advance of the animal 

 and feels its way as it climbs through life." (See F. Wood 

 Jones, Arboreal Man, 1916, and also ^' The Origin of Man " 

 in Zoology and Human Progress, 1919.) 



§ 6. Human Evolution Contrasted with Animal Evolution. 



It is interesting to inquire how evolution-processes in the 

 Kingdom of Man agree with and difPer from those in the 

 Realm of Organisms generally. The question is important 

 especially in reference to the view that human history is 

 not only continuous with, but is not more than a continuation 

 of animal evolution. For there is a present-day school who 

 maintain that sociology is only a department of zoolog}', and 

 that again of dynamics. 



There is no doubt that the great facts of variation, modi- 

 fication, and heredity, and the operation of natural selection 

 and isolation are demonstrable in mankind. Albinism is a 

 human mutation, sunburning a human modification, night- 

 blindness a human Mendelian character, in certain diseases 

 there is discriminate mortality or natural selection, and vari- 

 ous clans illustrate the influence of isolation. Up to a certain 

 point all is with man as with animal. 



The differentia becomes plain when we observe that Man 

 is aware of his own evolution and seeks to direct it according 

 to his ideals. There is no analogue among animals to de- 

 liberate selection based on a eugenic ideal. Rational selection 



