xii CONTENTS 



CHAPTER PAGE 



IV. Sex Specialization and Group Sur- 

 vival ...... 85 



Adaptation and specialization. Reproduction a 

 group — not an individual problem. Conflict 

 between specialization and adaptation. Intelli- 

 gence makes for economy in adjustment to en- 

 vironment. Reproduction, not production, the 

 chief factor in the sex problem. 



V. Racial Degeneration and the Neces- 

 sity FOR Rationalization of the 

 Mores ...... 95 



Racial decay in modern society. Purely " moral " 

 control dysgenic in civilized society. New 

 machinery for social control. Mistaken notion 

 that reproduction is an individual problem. 

 Economic and other factors in the group problem 

 of reproduction. 



PART II 

 By Iva Lowther Peters, Ph.D. 



The Institutionalized Sex Taboo 



I. The Primitive Attitude Toward Sex 



AND Womanhood .... 109 



Primitive social control. Its rigidity. Its neces- 

 sity. The universality of this control in the form 

 of taboos. Connection between the universal 

 attitude of primitive peoples toward woman as 

 shown in the Institutionalized Sex Taboo and 

 the magico-religious belief in Mana. Relation of 

 Mana to Taboo. Discussion of Sympathetic 

 Magic and the associated idea of danger from, 

 contact. Difficulties in the way of an inclusive 

 definition of Taboo. Its dual nature. Com- 

 parison of concepts of Crawley, Frazer, Marett, 

 and others. Conclusion that Taboo is Negative 

 Mana. Contribution of modern psychology to 

 the study of Taboo. Freud's analogy between 

 the dualistic attitude toward the tabooed object 

 and the ambivalence of the emotions. The 

 understanding of this dualism together with the 

 primitive belief in Mana and Sympathetic Magic 



