58 TABOO AND GENETICS 



(2) Females with feathered antennae Hke males 

 and producing fewer than the normal number 

 of eggs ; (3) Appearance of the brown (male) 

 patches on the white female wings ; ripe eggs 

 in abdomen, but only hairs in the egg-sponge 

 laid ; instincts still female ; (4) Instincts less 

 female ; whole sections of wings with male 

 colouration, interspersed with cuneiform female 

 sectors ; abdomen smaller, males less attracted ; 

 reproduction impossible ; (5) Male colouration 

 over almost the entire wing ; abdomen almost 

 male, with few ripe eggs ; instincts intermediate 

 between male and female ; (6) Like males, but 

 with rudimentary ovaries and show female 

 traits in some other organs ; (7) Males with a 

 few traces of female origin, notably wing-shape. 



The males showed the same graded approach 

 to the female type. Their instincts likewise 

 became more and more female as the type was 

 modified in that direction. That is, a moth 

 would be 12% or 35% female, and so on. 



Goldschmidt watched the crosses which pro- 

 duced seven different grades of maleness in his 

 females. The moth material, like the birds and 

 mammals, suggested a dual basis for sex in 

 each individual. The grades of maleness and 

 femaleness made it seem probable that the 

 factor which determines sex must be stronger 

 in some instances than in others, i.e., that the 

 difference between two of these grades of female 



