THE OKMMATlNCi MVCELIl'M. ii 



formed tlaugliter ci-Us, wliicli, however, finallv perihli. .\ um. i.ki^ 

 other fun«ii jue also creditetl with the siiuie cajiacitv. 



Now, all the Eianyceteg capahle of foruiiiig uiyceliu of this 

 (losci i|>ti(iii eaii })e diviilefl into thn-e {.M•(mj»^ To the first 

 group Ik-Idii^' all such as, under normal conditions of nouri.sh- 

 ment, develop exclusively in the form of mycelial afTfrre^utioiis of 

 gemma-. They are therefore known as budding fimgi. This group 

 comprises, without excejition, all the Sw rli.,iiiiinii->t>'n concerned 

 in the fermentation industries, together with the MyriMh niKt, 

 Tt>ni/<t, »tc. The second group consists of such Eumycetes as, 

 undfi- normal conditions, aire equally well ahle to develop either 

 a lilamentous mycelium, or one of gemma-. These organisms 

 also are occasionally termed budding fungi, examples of the 

 class being afforded by certain species of Monifia (Fig. 99), 

 Ihiiintiniii, and others. Finally, the third group includes all 

 the fungi which usually jir(i<luce a Jilaiiit-iitiuis mycelium, the 

 other form being only developed under almormal conditions of 

 nouiishnu-nt. To this class belong certain species of Mucor, 

 such as Mucor raceincmis, M. /rutiitt, M. enrtm^, M. fiaijills, Al. 

 sjiinoKUif, M. ambujuiis, M. circinei/utiiex, M. alttrnang, and 

 numerous others. 



However, the term " building fungus," applied to any fungus 

 on account of the abuve-mentioned behaviour, does not, in ireneral 

 convey any defanite information with regard to the position of 

 that organism in the botamical .system. As a matter of fact the 

 species included in the group of budding fun<.'i belong to very 

 ililVerent families of the funyus kinirdom. 



With regard to the anatomy and chemistry of the Kumycttes 

 ct-lls a few general observations may be matle in this place. 

 Naked cells, i.t. cells de.stitute of membrane, occur (as motile 

 -pores) in only two — for us unimportant — sub-groups of II\pho- 

 mycetes, viz., the Chytri<hon<f and Uvmycftes mentioue<l in sub- 

 sequent paragraphs. Full information in connection with their 

 chemical chaiiicter will be ft)und in Chapti-r xl. As in other 

 cases, so also with the Kinnyotex, the cell content^s (plasma) can 

 1)6 divided into the nucleus and the cytoplasma with its in- 

 dusiijns. From the geneial stu«ly of cells, as treatetl in all 

 botjinical hand-books, and more particularly in A. Zi.mmkum.\.\xs 

 monograph (ill.), the reader will be aware that every normal 

 living vegetalde cell contains at lea.st one nudeu.s. This was 

 tirst iliscovered l)y Kohkkt 1?huw.\ (1.), who. in I S3 1, found 

 nuclei in the cells of higher plants, whereas their j>resence 

 in the cells of fungi was only a.scertained by Fn. SriiMiTZ in 

 1879 (1.). It was subseipiently found that the mycelium of 

 Hyphuviycete.-! is, without exception, rich in inu-lei. On the other 

 hand the mycelial cells of Mycomycetea contain either only a 

 single nucleus (as in the Siccliarnnii/r,f,.<), or sevenil, as is the 

 case, (.;/. (according to Fh. Sciimitz (11.)) with the nivcolial 



