THE GEMMATINU MYCELU'M. 13 



t't'lls of I'riiii-ilhtiin jlaunim, and those of the sc-ieroliai Uie<lillhi 

 of ('Uivicfpn purj'Urtu, which coutjiiii one, two, or more nuclei ; 

 and the mycelial cells of Peziza eouvtjnda contaiu several nuclei 

 throu^'hoiit. The active |>art playeil by the cell nuclei during 

 the development of the mycelium, sporulation, and germination, 

 luus been more closely investigate*! by G. vox Istvaxkki (I.)). 

 The repro<iuction of the nucleus by fission (§ 46) is mostlv direct 

 anion;: tlie Kiuin/r'tts {e.ij. I'tninlliuni). Nevertheless, cases of 

 karyokinesis have been observinl, first by Saueue^^K (11.) and 

 afterwards by FlsCH (I.). Istvanfti was unable to discern any 

 fusion of the nucleus, a.s recorded by Strasburger, Znpf, and Fisch, 

 in the formation of the oogonia of the Uo/ni/cetts (see .^ 220). It 

 may be mentioned that the sjime observer also ascertained that 

 the size of the cell nuclei in one and the same species varies in 

 acconlaiice with the importance attained bv the corresponding 

 pjirts of the tliallus. Fuller particulars respecting the anatomy 

 of nuclei, especially those of yeiist cells, will be found in !^ 250, and 

 on the chemistry of the subject in ^ 252, these detsiils supple- 

 menting in more than one jKjint those already given. No in- 

 vestigation seems t^j have, as yet, been conducted with regard to 

 the presence of centrosomes in fungi, i.e. those organised con- 

 stituents of cell i)lasnui wliidi, of late years, have become so 

 inijMjrtant in the celluhu- physiology of animals and the higher 

 plants. 



t^)bservations of a general character in connection with the 

 anatomical structure of cytoplasm, and the chemical con.stituents 

 of which it is conipo.sed, will ahso be frequently encountered in 

 the following chapters. 



Many of the Eumycetos e.\hibit brilliaut colouring. Full 

 particulars regarding the colouring matters concerned, will be 

 found in ZorK's(X.) hand-book ; and the.se may be supplemented 

 by the following reference to a technical utilis;ition of one of 

 these fungous pigments. To impart a red colour t<i rice wine, 

 to various spirituous litjuors, bread, cakes, and to the fish held in 

 such high esteem (under the name of Macassar or red fish) in 

 the Mal:iy Archipel:ig«>, the Chinese employ a colouring matter 

 extracted from a red /////'/<(>;/(//'''>', whicli they cultivate* on 

 bt)iled rice. The fungus grows with vigour on this mediunj, and 

 imparts thereto a red coloration ; ami the <lried cultures, to 

 which a ])ieservative addition of arsenic and mustard oil is made 

 at the time of preparation, form an article of commerce under 

 the name Ang-Kh.ik. (_'. Went has named this fungus Motia.<riig 

 jtiirpitreuit, and identified it as a member of the 7 1 



family of Asronii/rtifti {^ 220). The red colouring maiui »as 

 first examined by 11. U. PiilxsEX (Jeeklkjs (IV.); and W. (J. 

 lioousMA (1.) afterw;irds found that two re<l dye-stuff.s, a-OryHe- 

 Hubinand /j'-Oryza-Uuliin, can be extmcted from Ang-Khak. in 

 wliich they are jointly present to the exrent of about l.O per <-.nt 



