KKUCTIFICATION BY Sl^OHANniA. 



»5 



^ 



tih- 



tlio cHHi* (jf the .Mucoi'8 (^ 236). Fi>r. 1 oo ifj-i (sents a ripe 

 sponiiigiiiiu lillf'l with spoien. 



In one of tlie three chisses of Pliijcuuiyretee, namely the 

 Oomijcetes, two kinds of s|ioriinf,'iii, ililTeiinji; in htruituie itnd 

 behavidui-, aic ])i<><lui"t'<l. The niiMiiluMs of tlie unf kiinl are 

 ternii-'l zoosporangia. «>r motile sporangia, their (nake<l) ciliated 

 spores issuing forth on the rupture of the sporungiuni, where- 

 upon tlu'V are known as /ouspoies. In the otlu*i- kin<l of 

 sporangia there aie fornu-d — as the result of sexual fructifica- 

 tion-large, tough-walled, quiescent siK>res t*) which the name 

 oospores is given. Tin- capacity of producing spoiangia of this 

 latt«M kind, which are known as oogonia, Itt-longs exclusively to 

 the (Jtniu/i-effii, and is their distinguishing 

 chanicter ; whereas, on the other hand, 

 zcM)sporangia and zoospores aie found even 

 in the second (lowest) class of P/ii/ronii/- 

 cetes, viz. the Chytridiaceit. Zoospores 

 occur oidy in these two classes, the genera 

 of which are sub-aqueous in habit, either 

 exclusively or during a certain pejio<l of 

 their existence. On the other hand, the 

 third class of P/ii/cdiiiifCftejf — the Z>/</uiiii/- 

 cetes — being prefenibly adapted to an aerial 

 existence, is without these consequently 

 unnecessiiry oigans. Still le.ss are the latter 



required bv the nioie highly di'Vi'l()])ed J/v- iiram-: '■. tlie diunielia; 

 . " ■ ■ itp, tho eiitl(igiK>ri-s. MiigTi. 



Contl/i-rtta. ,,j (AJtfr brtjeld.) 



It will be found of gieat utility to 

 examine how far sporangia! fructification fxtends thioughout 

 the /,''.'""•■'•-■. In the nunibcih ol the lower sul>-kingdom, the 

 Phijfv . the faculty of pixxlucing endogenous spores is 



universal. t)n the other haml, this faculty is present in only 

 a single class of Mi/rt)iiit/i-«'ti.<, namely the AKCiHiii/ceten, <.>r tube 

 fungi, s») c^illeil becau.se the sporangium a.ssumes a particular 

 form, to which the name a.scus (or tube) has been given. The 

 nscus differs from the sporangium, of which it is a higher develop- 

 ment, both in exhiltiting a more definite form, and also in the 

 nund)er, shape, anil method of formation of the contained spores 

 (a.sco.sj»ores). Fuller particulars on this point will be given in 

 5:1 243; since the niajoiity of yeasts are Ascomycetes, and there- 



Kio. iool — Mucor mucedo. 



Sporangium in optical 

 longitudinal bt-ction. Here 

 III 18 tlu- siKirungiiil lui-m- 



fore 



(MplU 



e more thorou;rli consulenition. 



The information already given renders it jx)ssible to enlarge, 

 as folK)ws, the .scheme laid down in 5; J17 for the subdivision of 

 the Eumvcetes: — 



