FORMATION OF OIDIA AND OKMM.F. 



tlio jMudiiction of s|)oriiii{,'iii and linally 8Uppit--.-> ^-mi.-, in.- i<ii- 

 nuitiuii of peauiu'uliir f^t-iuiua' beili^' cuiTf.sjiumliiiglv ineivasfd. 



Tlie {^tMimiic NhuiiKl not Iju confuiuultsil with mere swellings 

 of tlie inyct'liuiii, the latter ht-in^' distiiiguishahle, in the first 

 place, \)\ the ahsence of the ti-rniinal 

 HeptJi and definite shajie, and making 

 their appearance us a result of un- 

 fttvouralile conditions of existence. 

 Lopriore found thi-m on the gerniina- 

 tive tubes of Miwor muceilo — which does 

 not prcnliice geiniuie at all — when the 

 Bjwres of this organism (placed in u 

 8uital>le nutrient solution) were ex- 

 posed to an atmosphere containing 60 

 per cent, of oxygen and 40 per cent. 

 of C4irl)on dioxidi'. Es('11K.\ha(;ex (I.) 

 obsei'ved siuiilai- malformations in cul- 

 tures grown in excessively rich nutrient 

 solutions, /'.>/. a 60 p*'r cent, sugar solu- 

 tion. According to M. U. UEi.\H.\HnT(I.; 

 they also occur in mixed cultures, as 

 u result of the injurious elTect, on one 

 of the symbiotic organisms, of the meta- 

 bolic products of tlie other. 



A fungus is s.iid to be monomor- 

 phous when the s;ime is only known to 

 fructify in one single maiinei-; whereas 

 fungi exhibiting two or more methoil> 

 of fi i»cti(j«-ation are termed pleomor- 

 phous. The Mu<-i>riuf^a (J5 235) form a 

 go(Ml example of pleomorphisuj, and the 

 .s;ime occurs in the, to us, still more in- 

 teresting Stirr/Kinniii/'-, f,.t, which latter 

 always exiiibit three dilVertMit methods 

 of fructitication.viz. l>v conidia, gemnne. 

 and endospores Owing to their Pro- 

 tean chaiacter, these organisms (xvupv 

 u peculiar position in the genenil mor- 

 phology of the fungi ; and in them we see, more than elsewhere, 

 liow the same organ can change its nature and undergo miMlilicji- 

 tion from one to anothei-. .According to the comprehensive 

 researches of H.vxsen (X.\ \ 1 I 1.). the yea.st cell may .serve (i) 

 as a coniiliiun, for veget^ilive reprcxluction ; (j) as jvut of a 

 mycelium ; or (3) jis an ascus and therefore jtrtnlucing internal 

 spores. Finally (4), the spore is capable oi not only acting 

 vegetatively (germinating), but also, under certain con<litions, of 

 becoming an ascus by foiming spores (of the second oixler) in it« 

 interior. Compare J; 24S. 



1 1< 



;. 1 '. cnintnyilMiiiucor 

 ncfruu«ui Krefi-Id. 



On the Hi:lit i- a ( f 



a Kiyr.-linl lij-phn » .; .• 



11 -. " on thi ii.:i a 



»■; . .itfui with ttvi- chla- 



li - : en tlu- < : ■ -^.e 



I ri- n fr» s 



t. . : will thf ri f 



thf s]Mir!inj;iiil nui) v 



bulk iif which ha.s 1., . .1 



during Uie |>rv|>araUon o( the 

 <il>«;i-lmcn. )lni;n. S^). (A itfr 



