SUHDIVISION OK THK (JllDKK OF ZYOOMVfETKS. 67 



mutcit, the cause of a ilisesvse att^wking the house-fly in late 

 suininer ami autumn. From this cause iiumherH of the.<>u iu- 

 Hects are fouml to adhere, stnicldle lej'f^e*!, to walls ami wiudowrt, 

 aij'l l)ei'oino surrouu<le<l hv a «listinet white auitvile, ^•on>i^ting 

 of unieellular eonitlia ilispersed by tlie c-onidiophores protruding 

 from the IkmIv of the insect. The.se coni<lia gei-minat« into a 

 structure similar to a l>u<ldin',' mycelium (^^219); and it is 

 owin;,' to this faculty that the wraith of the house-fly has for .so 

 long made its appearance in the controversy on the origin of 

 the Sai'i'haritiit iji'f'teif (s^ 344). 



The secontl of the three families of conidioi)horous Zijijo- 

 viijrete^, namely, the Piptocephalideae, on the other hand, lacks 

 the faculty of producing budding cells (like the third family), 

 and is distingui.shable by the feature that the zygo.spore ap- 

 paratus consists of five cells instead of three, as also by the fact 

 that the conidia are nnilticellular. The members of this family 

 are parasitic on various species of Muror, to the hyi>h;i' of which 

 they attjich themselves by means of special organs (haustoria), 

 and then penetrate the interior for the puipo.se of ab.Ntnicting 

 nourishment. This behaviour they exhibit in common with 

 the species of the third family of conidiophorous Zt/'/omi/ct'te^f 

 nanu'ly, the Chaetocladiaceae, whose conidia are unicellular and 

 may be regarded a> sporangia, whilst the contents are united to 

 form a single endospore, instead of being divide<l into sevenil. 

 By this fejiture they reveal the connection, as regards ])rogress 

 of develojunent, between conidial and sponmgial fructification. 



We can now collect the above particulars into the form of a 



SriIK.MATlC SLBUIVISIOX OK TUE OKDEU UK ZyuoMYCETES. 



Zygomycetes : 



capable of 

 producing 

 zygosports 



III) Naked 

 zygospores 



'(a) ExhibitiniT sporan<riar 

 fructification, but 

 b*i c k i n i; conidial 

 fructification 

 (fi) Exiiibiting 



Mucoraeea. 



fructilication, bufl... . ^, .•._ 

 lackiiiir sporanijHil I ..,' , / .. 

 fructilication . . .7 

 iliibitinj: both spor^ 

 an^'ial and coniflial \Ci 

 fructification . . ,) 



(i) Z.Tgospores enclosed in a capsule . 



.^hoanephortof. 



\ Zit<jomye<U». 



C>f the.se six f.imilies, only the first and la.st will be dealt 

 with in the following ]>a nigra |>hs, chiefly from the .stJindpoint of 

 Physiology and the technology of fermentation, lejiving out of 

 considei-ation their morphology ami development except in so 

 far as mention of these is al>.s<.duttdy essential to our purptx-e. 

 Readers desirous of obtaining fuller information on the two 

 latter points lU'e referred to Alkued Fiscmek's (III.) monogniph 

 on the Phijroxnircfe.-i ami Zijijoinijote.*. 



