BOTTOM YE^VSTS. 



»«5 



tliiMt'foro spL-ak of tliis or that yeafrt an hoinf? of tlie ellipsoideus 

 type, uiivinii)',' tl)erel>y .soK-ly, in the tirst j.hice, tluit tliL- c<-lls of 

 such species are generally elliptical in shape and i-uther smaller 

 than those of the cerevisiie type. Fi^r. 128 gives an exiimplo in 

 the »S(//v7/. eUiiiinpiilt'im I. obuiined hy Hansen (XII.) from the 

 surface of ripe grape.s. This type is exhihited hy many species 

 of wine yeast ; and it is therefore easy Xm umlerstiind why, in 

 the absence of a nietlnxl of piue culture and the consequent 

 iiupossil.ility of dot.-nuining the existence of divers species. 





KiG. 138. — Sacch. ellipsoiUeus I. Uanst-n. 

 Cells fniiu the ftediiuental ycjist of a youiiB cultiu* in Uxt wort. Magn. iroo. 



(After Hansen.) 



Reess's aj)pellation of S(V'h. elliji-foideus very soon became a 

 synonym for wine yeasts in geneml. This custom is, however, 

 now no longer justiliable, since we are nowadays acquainte<l 

 with nicos of wine yeasts who.se cells cannot be chussed with the 

 ellipsoid typo, but are globular or elongated. Converselv, not 

 every yeast of the ellip.soideus type is a wine yeast. An ex- 

 ample of such a divergent yeast^though in respect of the shape 

 of the cells in the yea.st sediment it is almost identinil there- 

 with — was i.stdated by ILvnsen (XII.) in 18S3, from the stock 

 yeast of theTuborg In-ewery in Copenhagen, namely the .so-called 

 ^'a'v7/. t'/h'pt'oi'h us II. This yeast (vcurred there, in .i,s.<ociation 

 with ISarcli. I'asf. ///..asa technically pathogenic yeast, inasmuch 

 as it produced disturbances in the brewing, or nither tended to 

 form haze in the tnido casks or l>ottles. 



The third group, consisting of the remainder of the fl:u;ks 

 used in our experiment. dilTers from the other two, inasmuch as 

 the cells of the young .sedimental yeast are of elongated form, 

 something the shape of a sjiu.sjigo or a short tube with closed 



