CiEllMlXATlOX OF 8ACl"HAR0MV( KTI-X 



141 



Kio. 14-.— Saccharo- 

 niyces t;utlulaiiu. 



Twoasc<jepure«, tlic 



exception to thu rule given in the jn-ecedinjf parngrajih, the 

 sporuhition proceeds in the numner tU'scribetl in j^ 57 uuJ 58. 

 As was first demonstrated by AuM. Wiluklmi (I.), the content;* 

 of the elongated germinating ii-scrjspoi •* fiivcdop tht-mselvfs in a 

 new nu-mlirane, the resulting germ tht-n splitting the old mem- 

 bnine, either at the end or laterally. In the act of swelling it 

 also bursts the membnme (if still intact) of the parent - cell, 

 est-apes, and immediately begins to bud. An illustration of 

 this process is given in Fig. 14S. 



The spore, however, does not invariiibly germinate, but,*as 

 was ascertained by HanskS' (XXVIII.), niay, 

 under certiiin circumst;inces, itstdf j'lay the part ^-V v 



of an ascus and develop ascospores (of the .second 

 order) in its interior, instejid of repro<lucing by 

 germination and budding. This end may be 

 attiiined by allowing the ripe spore to swell up 

 in a solution of sugar, and then tninsf erring it 

 to a saturate<l aqueous .solution of gypsum. 



The ascospores of Sair}iaroini/f>^t>-^ exhibit 

 greater powers of resistance to external influ- 

 ences tlmn is possessed by the vegetative cells. 

 Reference will be made in subsequent jiara- 

 graphstoc-jises wherein the extract ion of moisture, 

 drving, or chemical .stinndants, come under con- cnnieniT of whidi 

 sidenition as influences of this nature. At pre- lHve.*'"wuir»"'nTw 

 sent we are maiidy concerned with the elTects of i'!-"" ■■ • whiUtstiii 

 tern pern tu re, and that too in presence of licjuids. I, ^^j ' "j^^ 



li.vxsEX (XII.) was the fir.st to point out that i;?'^'^"' ."" ("^o^*^ 

 ., ^ - ' . , ... 1 ^ ,, - 1 • ">« "'J »P"re :iitni- 



tlie spores 01 Sufr/t. t'iltj'.-i>titi'ii.< It. perish m bram- «a« ruiiturtil 



five minutes when kept in sterili.sed water at ll'X' aniV" '*" ''''! 



66° C, though they survive this periotl at 62' C. thi-oUur. 



On the other hand, the vegettitive cells tjiken \<lihv^u\'i^M,u 



from a two-davs old culture in beer wort at 27' !'""^- ...^?*-',"- ' 



L. perished wilhm five minutes on immersion 



in water at 56° C, although they could stand 54° C. In the case 



of ISacrli. PaM. /., the corresponding values obtained were 62° 



and 58" C. for the spores, and 54" and 52 O. for the young 



vegetative cells. The resi.sting power of old vegetative cells, 



the permanent cells especially, approximates more clo.sely to 



that of the asco.spore.s. CJreater tenacity of life was exhibite<l 



by a species (.S(J''''/i. Zojijii) i.solated by Zopf from the sugar juice 



in a Silesian beet-sugar work.s, which species was more closely 



examined by A. AuTAiu (I.), and does not perish below alxjut 



67° v., under itlentical conditions. And still greater resi.>^tance 



is offered by the i>archaromi/rt\^ mentionetl in the }ireceding 



panigraph as Will's (IX.) No. Sir yeast, which was di.scovere^l 



in a beer of repulsive, bitter, irritant flavour, of which malady 



it was ivcogniscil as the cause. When kept in beer wort at 



