MADEIRAN GROUP. 209 



yellowish-cinereous hue (often becoming whiter towards the 

 more or less decorticated apex), its comparatively thin, fragile 

 substance, and its 'perfectly edentate aperture and unthickened 

 lip, will at once separate it from its allies. According to Mr. 

 Lowe it has much in common with the European P. dilucida 

 (ZiegL), Kosm. (f. 326); but it is nevertheless one of the most 

 truly and unmistakeably indigenous of the Madeiran Pupa', — 

 occurring sparingly on the trunks of laurels, as well as amongst 

 the fronds of moist ferns, in the damp sylvan districts of an 

 intermediate and lofty elevation. I have met with it at S. An- 

 tonio da Serra, and the Lombarda das Vacas ; and it has also 

 been taken in the Kibeiro Frio, and the Boa Ventura. 



(§ Gastrodon, Lowe.) 



Pupa fanalensis. 



Pupa fanalensis, Lowe, Ann. Nat. Hist. ix. (1852) 

 „ „ Id., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 208 (1854) 



„ umbilicata var., Paiva, Mon. Moll. Mad. 121 (1867) 

 „ debilis, Mouss., Faun. Mai. des Can. 124 (1872) 

 „ anconostoma (pars), Pfeiff., Mon. Hel. viii. 370 



(1876) 



Habitat Maderam ; ad francos laurorum, necnon in frondibus 

 filicum humidis, in sylvaticis editioribus occurrens. 



It is possible that this may be only a depauperated state of 

 the 'var. /3. anconostoma' of the P. umbilicata, which the 

 latter has gradually assumed through having found its way into 

 the higher regions ; nevertheless I believe it to be truly distinct, 

 since it not only possesses certain unmistakeable features of its 

 own, but its mode of life is completely and essentially different. 

 Thus, while the P. umbilicata (as represented in these islands 

 by the ' var. /3. anconostoma ') is emphatically an inhabitant of 

 the dry and cultivated districts, abounding more and more as 

 we descend to the level of the sea, the P. fanalensis, on the 

 contrary, has all the appearance of being ultra-indigenous, and 

 seems to be peculiar to nearly the highest altitudes — where it 

 occurs amongst moss and lichen on the trunks of the laurels, as 

 well as adhering to the fronds of ferns (in company with the P. 

 limnceana and microspora), in damp sylvan spots. It was met 

 with in profusion, by Mr. Lowe and myself, during July 1855, 

 at the Cruzinhas and the Fanal, in the mountains of Madeira 

 proper, by examining the trees immediately outside our tents ; 

 and I have likewise found it at, along with the P. cheilogona, 

 the Lombarda das Vacas. 



I may add also that I took the P. fanalensis in the islands 

 of TenerifFe and Palma, of the Canarian archipelago, under cir- 



p 



