218 TEST ACE A ATLANTIC A, 



dentins fasciata, plica columcllari superiore ssepius submagis 

 distinct a. 



Pupa concinna, Paiva [nee Lowe, 1852], Mon. Moll. Mad. 

 127 (1867) 



Habitat Maderam, prsesertim borealem; a Barone Castello 

 de Paiva copiose communicata. 



The present large, well-defined, and normally somewhat dark 

 Pupa, which was obtained abundantly by the Baron Paiva from 

 the north of Madeira (I believe principally from the Boa Ven- 

 tura and the Ribeira do Inferno), appears to have been con- 

 founded latterly with the P. concinna, Lowe, — from which 

 nevertheless it is totally distinct. Indeed Mr. Lowe himself 

 (evidently however from a mere superficial glance, and without 

 actual comparison) fell into the error of identifying it with the 

 latter species (which he had previously described with great 

 accuracy) ; and it was therefore wrongly referred to the con- 

 cwina by the Baron Paiva in his recent monograph. In reality 

 it is larger and relatively broader than the P. concinna, as well 

 as more ovate (or more widened posteriorly) and less closely 

 striated ; its aperture is larger and more open, with the angle 

 of the lip and the exterior ventral plait (instead of being dis- 

 connected) united by a coarse and elevated corneous sphincter 

 or rim, and with the lateral tooth proportionately rather less 

 internally-thickened (or prominent), and therefore less completely 

 closing-in the ' sinus respirationis.' 



From its being invariably mixed-up, in the Baron Paiva's 

 boxes, with the P. vincla, I conclude that in habits the P. 

 Loiueana is similar to that species, and that it was taken in the 

 muddy drip of Marchantia-\)a.dded rocks at a comparatively low 

 elevation ; in which respect I may remark that it differs mate- 

 rially from the P. concinna, which is found in the higher 

 altitudes, — adhering to the broken sticks and small stones near 

 the rocky, trickling streams. 



The ' var. ft. transiensj which is on the average a trifle 

 smaller, less solid, and of a paler hue (indeed occasional 

 examples are quite pallid), may perhaps prove to be specifically 

 distinct : though I suspect that it is a mere local race of what I 

 have regarded as the type. It was communicated by the Baron 

 Paiva, but I have no note as to its precise locality. 



Pupa cassidula. 



Pupa cassidula, Lowe, Ann. Nat. Hist. ix. (1852) 

 „ „ Id., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 212 (1854) 



„ „ Alb., Mai. Mad. 68. t. 16. f. 9-10 (1854) 



„ „ Paiva, Man. Moll. Mad. 136 (1867) 



