2-2Q TEST. I t '/:. ( A TLA XTK A. 



in May 1850 and June 1855, within crevices and hollows of the 

 red volcanic soil on the great western promontory of that island 

 known as the 'Pedragal' — from whence it has likewise been 

 obtained, more recently, by the Baron Paiva. 1 



(§ Graticula, Lowe.) 



Pupa fusca. 



Pupa fnsca, Lowe, Ann. Nat. Hist, ix (1852) 

 „ „ Pfeiff., Mon. Hel. iii. 558 (1853) 

 „ „ Loive, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 211 (1854) 

 „ „ Alb., Mai. Mad. 66. t. 15. f. 37, 38 (1854) 

 „ „ Paiva, Mon. Moll. Mad. 130 (1867) 



Habitat Maderam, prsesertim borealem ; sub foliis Semper- 

 vivi tabidaformis, Haw., ad rupes submaritimas crescentis, 

 hinc inde abundans. 



Although, like many of the Pupce, with a smaller and rather 

 less parallel state, the P. fusca is, like the recta and macilenta, 

 a cylindrical species. It is however (although occasional large 

 examples approach those of the latter) smaller on the average 

 than either of them, its volutions are much more tumid, or 

 less flattened, its colour is darker, and its surface (although not 

 exactly costate) is very much more coarsely, and a trifle less 

 obliquely, striated. As regards its mouth, the lip is (as in the 

 P. recta) rounded externally, and not sinuate, or nipped-in, at 

 the denticle (which last, although not large and thick, is very 

 sharply defined, and internally prominent); the angle is united 

 with the first ventral plait by an incrassated corneous sphincter ; 

 and of the six plaits which are more or less developed, the 

 inner ventral, the lower columellary, and the upper palatial 

 ones are subequal, whilst the upper columellary and the lower 

 palatial ones are rudimentary and often almost obsolete. 



The habits of the P. fusca are precisely those of the recta, 

 it being found beneath the dried leaves of the rounded masses 

 of the Sempervivum tabulceforme which stud the faces of the 

 rocks in various parts (particularly towards the north arid west) 

 of Madeira proper, — frequently swarming in such situations 

 along the whole line of coast below Sao Vicente, Ribeira da 

 Janella, and Porto Moniz, as well as near Feijaa d'Ovelha and 

 Ponta de Pargo. 



1 I may add that several examples of an elongate, cylindrical Pvpa were 

 collected by Mr. Lowe and myself on the ascent from the landing-place at the 

 extreme southern end of the Ilheo de Baixo, off Pcrto Santo, which we con- 

 cluded at the time to belong to the P. macilenta, and which Mr. Lowe even 

 cited as such. A recent comparison however of these specimens has shewn 

 me that they are altogether distinct, and pertain in reality to a new and 

 powerfully costate species, of the essentially Forto-Suntan type, which I have 

 described below as the P. relevata. 



