DICOTYLEDONS. 



643 



A comparison with nearly-allied forms leaves little room for doubt that the vacant 

 spaces indicated by dots in the three outer whorls correspond to abortive members 

 in the sense already frequently indicated, even when the absence of these members 

 is so complete that the earliest stages of development of the flower give no indi- 



I-'IG. 443.— Diagram of Valei-ianaceo;; A Valeriana, 

 ' B Ceutnaitthiis. 



Fig. 444.— Diagram of Cu- 

 curbitaceae. 



Fig. 445.— Diagram of Cora- 

 positae. 



Fig. 446.— Diagram of some Rubiac re." FiG. 447.— Diagram of Plantagine.ie. FiG. 448.— Diagram of Oleaceae. 



Fig. 449.— Diagram of Menispermacefe. 



Fig. 450.— Diagiam oi Ctnnamcmum (Laiiracea;). 



Fig. 451.— Diagram oi Aquilegia (Ranunculacese). 



cation of them. The same is the case also when the number of carpels is less than 

 the typical one. Other cases however occur, as in the case of Rhus (Fig. 452), 

 where certain members, in this case two out of the three carpels, disappear in the 

 course of development. Crozophora tindoria (Fig. 453) is especially instructive in 



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