656 PIIA NEK OGA MS. 



a perianth. The small embryo lies, surrounded by the endosperm, in a hollow 

 of the copious perisperm. Herbs or shrubs, often with verticillate leaves. 

 Families: i. Piperaceae, 



2. Saurureae, 



3. Ghlorantheae. 



B. Urticineoi. Perianth simple, sepaloid, three- to five-partite, sometimes absent; 

 stamens superposed on the segments of the perianth ; flowers hermaphrodite or 

 diclinous, and then the male and female flowers difl'erent (3), usually in densely 

 crowded inflorescences, the female flowers in spikes, umbels, capitula (2) or some- 

 times panicles (3), not unfrequently developing into peculiar pseudocarps (as the 

 Mulberry, Fig, Bread-fruit, and Dorstenia). Fruit usually unilocular, rarely bilocular ; 

 ovules one or rarely two in each loculus ; seed usually with endosperm. Large 

 shrubs or trees ^ ; leaves stalked, usually stipulate. 



Families: i. Urticaceae, 

 Urticeae, 

 Moreae, 

 Artocarpeae, 



2. Platanaceae, 



3. Gannabineae, 



4. Uhnaceae (including Celtideae). 



C. AmentifercB. Flowers diclinous, epigynous, in compact panicles (false spikes); 

 the female few-flowered inflorescence in (2) surrounded by a cupule. Fruit dry, 

 indehiscent, one-seeded ; seed without endosperm. Trees with deciduous stipules. 



Families: i. Betulaceae, 

 2. Cupuliferae. 



II. MONOCHLAMYDEiE. 



Flowers large and conspicuous and consisting of a simple more or less petaloid, 

 usually gamophyllous perianth, one or more staminal whorls, and a polycarpellary ovary ; 

 carpels equal in number to or double that of the segments of the perianth. The number 

 of members of the whorls is derived from the typical numbers two, three, four, or five, 

 and generally increases in the inner whorls. Ovary generally inferior and surmounted 

 by a short thick columnar style, to which in the hermaphrodite flowers the stamens are 

 usually partially or entirely adherent. Flowers often diclinous. Seeds numerous. 



A. Serpent arie(B. Creeping or climbing plants with slender stems and large 

 simple leaves; floral whorls dimerous and tetramerous (i) or trimerous and hex- 

 amerous; perianth-leaves free (i) or coherent into a tube; ovary of four or six 

 loculi ; embryo small but diflferentiated. 



Families: i. Nepentheae, 



2. Aristolochiaceae, 



3. Asarineae. 



B. Rhi%anthe(B. Root-parasites without chlorophyll or foliage-leaves, generally 

 with stunted vegetative organs and very large solitary flowers or small flowers in 

 a dense inflorescence (i); whorls dimerous to octamerous (i), trimerous (2), or 

 pentamerous and decamerous (3); ovary with one or eight (i) loculi; the placentae 

 and anthers of very peculiar form ; a very great number of small seeds with rudi- 

 mentary embryo. 



Families: i. Cytineae, 



2. Hydnoreae, 



3. Rafflesiaceae. 



[The Urtice?e include a number of herl^aceous genera.] 



